TABLE 4.

Subgroup analysis on physical activity (PA) outcomes of included studies

Subgroups	Overall analysis				Pedometer PA alone				Pedometer PA promotion + PR
	n	Effect size		I2 %	n	Effect size		I2 %	n	Effect size		I2 %
		SMD	95% CI			SMD	95% CI			SMD	95% CI
Goal setting
Weekly	9	0.50	0.21–0.78	77	6	0.44	0.16–0.71	70	3	0.82	−0.23–1.88	88
Infrequent	10	0.55	0.24–0.85	75	6	0.64	0.19–1.09	84	4	0.29	0.04–0.54	0
Duration
<3 months	15	0.57	0.31–0.84	78	10	0.57	0.27–0.88	79	5	0.60	0.00–1.20	76
>3 months	4	0.34	0.18–0.50	0	2	0.36	0.17–0.55	0	2	0.35	−0.10–0.80	34
Type of feedback
Remote	10	0.47	0.27–0.67	68	8	0.46	0.24–0.68	67	2	0.67	−0.32–1.66	83
Face-to-face	9	0.60	0.14–1.06	81	3	0.70	−0.06–1.46	86	5	0.48	−0.03–0.99	65
Measure of PA
Accelerometer	8	0.38	0.09–0.67	79	4	0.36	−0.03–0.75	83	4	0.44	−0.04–0.91	74
Pedometer	11	0.64	0.35–0.92	69	8	0.64	0.31–0.97	75	3	0.63	0.00–1.26	48
Baseline PA levels
Low baseline PA	7	0.32	0.10–0.53	51	4	0.46	0.21–0.70	36	3	0.11	−0.10–0.33	0
High baseline PA	11	0.67	0.36–0.98	80	8	0.59	0.24–0.94	83	3	0.95	0.22–1.67	63

PR: pulmonary rehabilitation; SMD: standard mean difference.