FIGURE 3.

The effects of cigarette smoke (CS) exposure on innate and adaptive immunity that may influence the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. IFN: interferon; NO: nitric oxide; Sp: surfactant protein; AM: alveolar macrophage; TNF: tumour necrosis factor; CD: cluster of differentiation; Th: T-helper cell; Ag: antigen; Treg: regulatory T-cell; IL: interleukin; MHC: major histocompatibility complex; CCL: C-C motif chemokine ligand; CXCL: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; NET: neutrophil extracellular traps.