TABLE 1.

Examples of indirect pathogenicity for bacteria that are part of the cystic fibrosis lung microbiome

Species protected	Protected against	Protected by	Produced by	[Ref.]
Haemophilus influenzae	Ampicillin	Penicillinases	Enterobacteriaceae	[39]
	β-lactam antibiotics	β-lactamases	M. catarrhalis	[40]
Streptococci	Penicillin	Penicillinases	Staphylococci	[41]
Ampicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus	Ampicillin	Penicillinases	P. aeruginosa	[42]
Streptococcus pneumoniae	β-lactam antibiotics	β-lactamases	M. catarrhalis	[43]
	Amoxicillin	β-lactamases	H. influenzae	[44]
	Chloramphenicol	Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase	Resistant S. aureus/ S. pneumoniae	[38]
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Imipenem and ceftazidime	β-lactamases	S. maltophilia	[45]
	Ceftazidime	β-lactamases	Prevotella sp.	[46]
Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Carbapenems	Carbapenem-hydrolysing class D β-lactamases	A. baumannii	[47]
Staphylococcus aureus	Gentamicin	Aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes	P. aeruginosa	[48]