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. 2022 Sep 20;8:394. doi: 10.1038/s41420-022-01183-2

Fig. 2. Inducers and inhibitors of ferroptosis.

Fig. 2

Iron accumulation and ROS production are important signs of ferroptosis. Inhibiting the activity of System Xc− can reduce cystine transport into cells and reduce the synthesis of intracellular GSH, resulting in a decreased ability of GPX4 to scavenge peroxide, increased accumulation of lipid peroxide in cells, and ferroptosis. GSH is an important cofactor of GPX4 activity. GPX4 can scavenge peroxide and maintain the dynamic circulation of GSH in cells, which is a central regulator of ferroptosis; VDAC is located in the outer membrane of mitochondria. Its closure can inhibit the function of mitochondria, change the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane and trigger ferroptosis. LOX-overexpressing cells tend to undergo lipid peroxidation and ROS production and are sensitive to ferroptosis. The arrows indicate promotion, and the blunted lines indicate inhibition.