TABLE 1.

Treatment regimens for Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease and M. abscessus pulmonary disease

	Treatment regimen	Frequency
M. avium complex
Nodular-bronchiectatic	Macrolide (azithromycin or clarithromycin) Rifamycin (rifampicin or rifabutin)	3 times per week (daily if advanced or severe disease)
	Ethambutol
Cavitary	At least 3 of: Macrolide (azithromycin or clarithromycin) Rifamycin (rifampicin or rifabutin) Ethambutol	Daily (or 3 times per week for aminoglycosides)
	Systemic aminoglycoside (amikacin (intravenous) or streptomycin)
Refractory	At least 4 of: Macrolide (azithromycin or clarithromycin) Rifamycin (rifampicin or rifabutin) Ethambutol	Daily (or 3 times per week for parenteral aminoglycosides)
	Amikacin liposome inhalation suspension or systemic aminoglycoside (amikacin (intravenous) or streptomycin)
M. abscessus
Macrolide susceptible	Initial phase At least 3 of: 1–2 parenteral: amikacin, imipenem (or cefoxitin), tigecycline	Daily (or 3 times per week for parenteral aminoglycosides)
	2 oral: macrolide (azithromycin or clarithromycin), clofazimine, linezolid
	Continuation phase
	At least 2 of:
	2–3 oral or inhaled: macrolide (azithromycin or clarithromycin), clofazimine, linezolid, inhaled amikacin
Inducible macrolide resistance	Initial phase At least 4 of	Daily (or 3 times per week for parenteral aminoglycosides)
	2–3 parenteral: amikacin, imipenem (or cefoxitin), tigecycline
	2–3 oral: macrolide (azithromycin or clarithromycin), clofazimine, linezolid
	Continuation phase
	At least 2 of:
	2–3 oral or inhaled: macrolide (azithromycin or clarithromycin), clofazimine, linezolid, inhaled amikacin
Constitutive macrolide resistance (with or without inducible macrolide resistance)	Initial phase At least 4 of:	Daily (or 3 times per week for parenteral aminoglycosides)
	2–3 parenteral: amikacin, imipenem (or cefoxitin), tigecycline
	2–3 oral: macrolide (azithromycin or clarithromycin), clofazimine, linezolid
	Continuation phase
	At least 2 of:
	2–3 oral or inhaled: macrolide (azithromycin or clarithromycin), clofazimine, linezolid, inhaled amikacin

Information from [26].