TABLE 3.

Specific interventions evaluated by included reviews (not an exhaustive list)

Intervention area	Specific interventions evaluated by included reviews
Vaccination	BCG vaccination: universal or selective (contacts and high-risk groups)
Screening	Pre-, post- and point-of-arrival testing for active TB or LTBI in migrants
	Active case finding in primary care settings, and in high-risk and vulnerable population groups
Diagnosis	Diagnostic accuracy of TST versus IGRA
	Drug susceptibility testing
Treatment	Efficacy and safety of drug regimens for treating LTBI
	Therapeutic drug monitoring
	Nutritional supplementation
	Diabetes
Adherence	Directly observed treatment, incentives, lay healthcare workers and reminder systems
HIV/TB	Efficacy and safety of antiretroviral therapy for treating HIV and/or drug regimens for treating LTBI
	Diagnostic accuracy of TST versus IGRA
	Drug susceptibility testing
	Service integration
MDR-TB	Efficacy and safety of drug regimens for treating MDR-TB
	Efficacy and safety of drug regimens for preventing MDR-TB in contacts of MDR-TB cases
	Directly observed therapy and care models
Contacts and transmission	Contact investigation
	Whole genome sequencing
	Air travel
Healthcare-associated infection	Serial screening for TB in healthcare workers
	Clinical prediction rules
Social support and vulnerable groups	Socioeconomic and psychosocial support
	Reaching vulnerable groups
Healthcare systems	Integrated care models
	Scaling up
	Task shifting
Pregnancy and sex	Efficacy and safety of drug regimens for treating active TB, LTBI and MDR-TB
	Sex-specific approaches to TB diagnosis and treatment
Prisons	Isoniazid preventive therapy
Environment and behaviours	Smoking, second-hand tobacco smoke and indoor air pollution
	Alcohol

TB: tuberculosis; MDR-TB: multidrug-resistant TB; BCG: bacille Calmette–Guerin; LTBI: latent TB infection; TST: tuberculin skin test; IGRA: interferon γ-release assay.