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. 2022 Aug 26;11:e76207. doi: 10.7554/eLife.76207

Figure 6. Single-cell RNA sequencing of gingival cells of untreated and hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HMDP)-deformable nanoscale vesicles (DNV)-treated zoledronate (ZOL)-injected mice.

Figure 6.

(A) Two weeks after tooth extraction, gingival tissue adjacent to the tooth extraction site was harvested for cell dissociation followed by single cell RNA-sequencing. (B) Using signature gene expression, myeloid cells, T cells, and B cells were identified. (C) T cell-related gene expression indicated the presence of Cd8a+cytototoxic, Cd27+matured T cells derived from mouse bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) gingiva. Il17f expression phenotype was decreased by HMDP-DNV treatment, which increased Foxp3 Treg phenotype. (D) Macrophage-related genes demonstrated an increase in M1 macrophages in untreated BRONJ gingiva, which was decreased by HMDP-DNV treatment. (E) Human BRONJ biopsy samples showing that necrotic bones (Nec) were associated with a large cluster of neutrophils (white arrows).