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. 2022 Sep 14;8(9):e10650. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10650

Table 6.

The Use of kinship terms in the context of requesting for direction.

Age Groups Listeners Distance Examples
11–21 Older Close (6a) Daéng, taita i gah iyé bola é...
Older sister/brother, do you know where….is?’
Distant (6b) TabékDaéng, i rissengngi iyedé alamak é?
‘Excuse me, older sister/brother, do you know this address?’
Coeval Close (6c) Muissengga kitéga yédé alamak é,Silo?
‘Do you know where this address is, friend?’
Distant (6d) TabékSappokéga tuju iyéhé alamak hé
‘Excuse me, cousin, where is the direction of this address?’
Younger Close (6e) Anrik, kégi monro bolana la Rifki.
‘Younger sister/brother, where is Rifki's house?’
Distant (6f) TabékNdi, méloka makkutana taissengga iyé alamat é?
‘Excuse me, younger sister/brother, I want to ask if you know this address.’
22–43 Older Close (6g) Eloka makkutanaDéng. Tégaro monro bolana iyanu
‘I want to askolder sister/brother. Where is the house of …?’
Distant (6h) Méllo addampekkaDaéngméloka makkutana
‘I want to ask your forgiveness, older sister/brother. I want to askyou.
Coeval Close (6i) Taissega bolana iyéhé,Silong
‘Do you know this house, friend?’
Distant (6j) Méloka millau tulungSilessureng. Tégi tujunna monro yahé alamak é. Tabék mua tajellorekka
‘I want to ask a favor, sibling. Where is the location of this address? Excuse me. Please show me.’
Younger Close (6k) Muitaga kéga bolana iyaéNdi?
‘Do you see (know) where this house is, younger sister/brother?’
Distant (6l) Tabékndi' maéloka makkutana kéga tuju bolana laBaco
‘Excuse me, younger sister/brother, I want to ask, where is the location of this?
44–65 Older Close (6m) Daéngkégai monro yaé
‘Older sister/brother, where does s/he live?’
Distant (6n) TaddampengngaDaéngméloka waseng makkutana kéga tujunna bola ....
‘Forgive me, older sister/brother. I want to askyou, where is the location of the house of …?’
Coeval Close (6o) Méloka makkutana iyé alamat na sibawakkuSappo
I want to ask for my friend's address, cousin.
Distant (6p) TabékSilessurengméloka makkutana iyé alamat na sibawakku
‘Excuse me, sibling, I want to ask for the address of my friend.’
Younger Close (6q) Mélo kajé makkutanaNdikégapi tujunna bolana yanu.
‘I want to ask, younger sister/brother, where is the location of this?’
Distant (6r) TabékNdi, mélokka makkutana, kégai monro yaé
‘Excuse me, younger sister/brother, I want to askyou, where this is?'