Table 1.

Guidelines for screening and key interventions in children and adolescents with diabetes

	Type 1 diabetes	Type 2 diabetes	Caveats
HbA1c target	< 7.5%	< 7%	Individualized target based on risk–benefit of intervention and patient-family factors
BP target	< 90th percentile (screen at each visit)		Pharmacologic agent of choice – ACEi or ARB
Urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio	Start at puberty or 10 yrs of age (whichever is earlier) once the child has had diabetes for 5 yrs (Screen annually)	Start at diagnosis (Screen annually)	Treat with ACEi/ARB if two of three MORNING urines > 30 mg/g, over 6 months, after efforts to improve glycemic control and achieve target BP
eGFR	Screen at diagnosis and annually

ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate