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. 2022 Sep 20;17:92. doi: 10.1186/s11671-022-03729-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a In vitro cytotoxicity of different concentrations of MSCPF NPs on SMMC-7721 cells. b ROS production of MSCPF nanoplatform within the SMMC-7721 cells upon irradiation (660 nm at 500 mW cm⁻² and 808 nm at 1.5 W cm⁻²). c Representative images of cell proliferation by 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EDU) assay in vitro. d The percentage of EdU-positive cells were quantified. e Apoptosis of cancer cells were analyzed by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining by SOR, MCPF, and MSCPF. f The apoptosis rates of SMMC-7721 cells were represented