TABLE 2.
Sleep characteristics, i.e., subjective sleep quality and sleep architecture (mean ± SD).
| Sleep questionnaires | HC (n = 21) | BC (n = 32) | P-values | ||
| Sleep disturbances (PSQI total score) | 5.48 ± 2.8 | 8.29 ± 4.5 | 0.020 | ||
| Insomnia severity index (ISI score) | 7.19 ± 4.5 | 11.9 ± 6.6 | 0.004 | ||
| Sleep architecture (AHI as co-variate) | HC (n = 21) | BC (n = 32) | F (1,50) | P-values | η2 |
| Total sleep time (min) | 356 ± 68 | 355 ± 68 | 0.001 | 0.97 | < 0.01 |
| Sleep efficiency (%) | 76.9 ± 11 | 74.1 ± 11 | 0.75 | 0.39 | 0.01 |
| Number of awakenings > 1 min | 6.76 ± 2.8 | 9.59 ± 4.4 | 7.10 | 0.010 | 0.12 |
| WASO% | 16.5 ± 12 | 19.9 ± 11 | 1.22 | 0.28 | 0.02 |
| N1 (% TST) | 8.6 ± 3.7 | 8.86 ± 5.2 | 0.059 | 0.81 | < 0.01 |
| N2 (% TST) | 50.3 ± 7.2 | 52.0 ± 6.0 | 0.91 | 0.35 | 0.02 |
| N3 (% TST) | 22.9 ± 6.1 | 22.6 ± 7.3 | 0.024 | 0.88 | < 0.01 |
| REM (% TST) | 18.3 ± 4.8 | 16.6 ± 3.9 | 1.95 | 0.17 | 0.04 |
| Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) | 19.6 ± 13 | 19.8 ± 12 | NA | 0.83 | NA |
HC, Healthy Controls; BC, breast cancer patients; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; ISI, Insomnia Severity Index; WASO, Wake After Sleep Onset; TST, Total sleep time; REM, Rapid-Eye-Movement sleep. P-values < 0.05 are in bold. Effects size: Small (η2 ≥ 0.01), medium (η2 ≥ 0.06), and large (η2 ≥ 0.14). Comparison of the PSQI and the AHI scores were realized with Wilcoxon tests and ISI score with the student’s t.test. Comparison of the sleep architecture was realized with analyses of co-variance with AHI as covariate.