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. 2022 Sep 7;10:967482. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.967482

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Copyright © 2022 Saraswat, Przybyla, Joenvaara, Tohmola, Strandin, Puhka, Jouppila, Lassila and Renkonen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Thrombin generation measured by Calibrated Automated Thrombogram (CAT®). EVs (P18 (microvesicles) and P200 (exosomes)) were supplemented into plasma, and TG was measured after challenging the plasma with PPPLow (A) (1pM Tissue Factor (TF) + Phospholipids (PL)) or PRP reagents (B) (1pM Tissue Factor (TF) without PLs). Diluted plasma (with PBS at same volume as EVs) was used a control. A fixed concentration (25 µg/ml) of PLs phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was added to plasma instead of EVs in separate wells, and TG was measured as additional controls (A and B). TG was also measured in Octaplas (SDP) by diluting with either PBS or EVs (P18 and P200) or PLs (PS, PC, PE) and subsequently challenged with the PRP reagent (C). Specific plasmas, deficient in various coagulation factors (FV, FVII and FX) were also challenged with the PRP reagent with or without supplementation with P18 or P200, and TG was measured (D). X-axis represents time and Y-axis TG in nM.