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. 2022 Sep 7;10:962959. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.962959

TABLE 4.

Mean absolute error (MAE) values calculated between joint moments found from inverse dynamics and either “Params” calibration or “Params + SynX + Res” calibration.

Joint Calibration case Calibration Validation
S1 S2 S1 S2
Left Right Left Right Left Right Left Right
HipFE Params 7.14 6.82 5.75 6.14 6.68 6.37 5.92 6.30
Params + SynX + Res 6.17 5.72 5.46 5.91 6.00 6.63 5.65 5.26
HipAA Params 6.88 7.24 7.46 5.55 6.31 7.62 7.50 6.35
Params + SynX + Res 5.91 6.05 5.20 4.41 5.53 7.05 7.20 5.28
HipRot Params 5.97 5.71 2.62 2.00 5.25 6.17 3.40 1.88
Params + SynX + Res 4.79 4.25 2.40 1.96 4.25 5.69 3.27 2.12
KneeFE Params 6.01 4.06 5.03 4.81 5.88 4.82 5.56 4.35
Params + SynX + Res 6.54 4.40 5.77 5.15 6.69 5.08 5.52 5.35
AnklePD Params 7.77 6.04 5.42 4.98 7.78 6.10 5.53 5.29
Params + SynX + Res 8.11 6.30 5.60 5.26 7.08 6.27 6.37 5.33
AnkleIE Params 4.80 2.83 7.11 1.84 4.16 2.29 6.60 2.01
Params + SynX + Res 5.11 3.34 7.12 1.94 4.71 3.41 7.02 2.21

The results for “Params + SynX + Res” were produced using the best methodological combinations for validation (speed-specific unmeasured synergy vector weights with 6 synergies). MAE values reported for “Params + SynX + Res” were derived when unmeasured synergy vectors weights and average values were fixed at their calibrated values.