Figure 4.

Photovoltaic characterization of the PSCs on glass substrates

(A)J-V curves and photovoltaic metrics of the champion control and MS-PSCs.

(B) Stable power output of the champion control and MS-PSCs at 0.98 and 1.02 V, respectively.

(C) PCE distribution of control and MS-PSCs.

(D) IPCE and the integrated J_sc curves of the control and MS-PSCs.

(E) EQE_EL at different current densities and EL spectra of the control and MS-PSCs.

(F)V_oc versus light intensity and linear fit for the control and MS-PSCs.