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. 2022 Sep 7;14:960479. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.960479

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Copyright © 2022 Chen, Yang, Shao, Kim, Wang, Wang, Wu, Xu and Le.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Nuclear invaginations increase accompanied with genomic instability in Pitx3^cKO mice. (A) Co-staining of LaminB and Ctip2 in MSNs of 18-month-old Pitx3^cWT and Pitx3^cKO mice (scale bar: 10 μm) white arrow points to nuclear invagination. (B) Ratio of MSN nuclei containing ≥ 1 invagination in Pitx3^cWT and Pitx3^cKO mice at 12 (N = 3 mice per genotype; all males) and 18 (N = 3 mice per genotype; all males) month of age. Unpaired t-test, **p = 0.0041. (C) Co-staining of Nuclear Pore and LaminB (scale bar: 5 μm). (D) Costaining of Nuclear Pore and TOM20 (scale bar: 5 μm). White arrow points to a cluster of mitochondria. (E) Co- staining of γH2A.X and Ctip2 in the striatal sections of 12- and 18-month-old Pitx3^cWT and Pitx3^cKO mice (scale bar: 10 μm). (F) The ratios of MSNs with 10 or more γH2A.X-positive foci in the nuclei (N = 3 mice per genotype). Unpaired t-test, ***p = 0.0005.