Table 1.
Details of observational studies included in this meta-analysis of the association between antiplatelet treatment and mortality.
| References | Time of patient inclusion | Region | Center | Population | N | Age (year) | Male sex | Drugs | Endpoint | Events rate | Adjusted factors | NOS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aydinyilmaz et al. (41) | Mar to Dec 2020 | Turkey | S | Severely ill Inpatients | 373 | E: 73.9 ± 0.9 C: 69.1 ± 1.9 |
E: 72.9% C: 58.0% |
Aspirin | In-hospital mortality | – | Male gender, diabetes, hypertension | 7 |
| Chow et al. (42) | Feb to Apr 2020 | United States | M | Inpatients | 17,347 | E: 72 (64–80) C: 72 (64–80) |
E: 54.5% C: 53.3% |
Multiple* | In-hospital mortality | 20.5% | Age, male, race, BMI, comorbidities, medications | 8 |
| Corrochano et al. (43) | Mar to May 2020 | Spain | S | Inpatients | 1,443 | 66.5 ± 17.1 | 53.2% | Multiple | 28 d mortality | 19.3% | Sex, age, comorbidities | 8 |
| Fröhlich et al. (44) | Feb to Apr 2020 | Germany | M | Inpatients | 5,971 | E:79 (69–84) C: 65 (52–79) |
E: 63.8% C: 51.1% |
Multiple | All-cause mortality or ventilation | 27.5% | Age, gender, and comorbidities | 8 |
| Gupta et al. (45) | Feb to May 2020 | United States | S | Inpatients | 2,626 | – | – | P2Y12 inhibitor | 30 d mortality | – | Age, sex, BMI, comorbidity, medications | 7 |
| Haji Aghajani et al. (46) | Mar 2019 to Jul 2020 | Iran | S | Severely ill inpatients | 991 | 61.6 ± 17.0 | 54.9% | Aspirin | In-hospital mortality | 25.8% | Age, sex, BMI, comorbidity, medications | 7 |
| Ho et al. (47) | Feb to Jul 2020 | United States | M | Outpatients | 27,824 | E: 66 (55–77) C: 41 (30–53) |
E: 53.0% C: 48.0% |
Multiple | Mortality | 3.3% | Age, sex, race, BMI, comorbidities | 8 |
| Izzi-Engbeaya et al. (48) | Mar to Apr 2020 | UK | M | Inpatients | 889 | 65.8 ± 17.5 | 60.1% | – | Death and/or ICU admission | 36.0% | Age, sex, race, comorbidity, Laboratory and clinical parameters, and medications | 6 |
| Liu et al. (49) | Jan to Mar 2020 | China | S | Inpatients | 48 | E: 69 (61–76) C: 74 (65–79.5) |
E: 58.3% C: 70.8% |
Aspirin | 30 d mortality | 16.7% | Age, sex, comorbidities, Laboratory and clinical parameters, and medications | 8 |
| Matli et al. (50) | Apr 2020 to Jan 2021 | Lebanon | S | Inpatients | 146 | E: 66.2 ± 13.8 C: 59.6 ± 17.0 |
E: 67.4% C: 58.8% |
Multiple | In-hospital mortality | 14.1% | Age, sex, smoking, weight, comorbidity, medications | 8 |
| Meizlish et al. (51) | Mar to Jun 2020 | United States | M | Inpatients | 638 | – | 63.3% | Aspirin | In-hospital mortality | – | Age, sex, max D-dimer, comorbidities, medications | 8 |
| Merzon et al. (52) | Feb to Jun 2020 | Israel | M | Inpatients | 112 | – | – | Aspirin | In-hospital mortality | 6.3% | Age, sex, smoking, comorbidity, medications | 7 |
| Mura et al. (53) | – | 30 countries | M | Severely ill inpatients |
527 | – | – | Aspirin | Mortality | 31.3% | Age, gender | 6 |
| Osborne et al. (54) | Mar to Aug 2020 | United States | M | Inpatients | 12,600 | E: 67.4 ± 10.7 C: 67.2 ± 11.1 |
E: 95.2% C: 96.6% |
Aspirin | 30 d mortality | 7.4% | Age, gender, and Care Assessment Needs (CAN) score | 8 |
| Pan et al. (55) | Mar to Apr 2020 | United States | S | Inpatients | 762 | E: 69.6 ± 12.5 C: 58.5 ± 16.2 |
E: 60.3% C: 54.3% |
Multiple | 28 d mortality | ~20% | Age, sex, BMI, smoking, comorbidities | 8 |
| Russo et al. (56) | Feb to Apr 2020 | Italy | M | Inpatients | 192 | 67.7 ± 15.2 | 59.9% | Multiple | In-hospital mortality | 18.5% | Age, smoke, comorbidities | 8 |
| Sahai et al. (57) | Mar to May 2020 | United States | M | Outpatients | 496 | E: 68.5 ± 13.6 C: 69.5 ± 14.1 |
E: 56.5% C: 59.5% |
Aspirin | In-hospital mortality | 14.3% | Age, sex, race, smoking, plateletgs, and comorbidities | 7 |
| Santoro et al. (58) | Jan to May 2020 | 7 countries | M | Inpatients | 7,716 | 64 ± 17 | 58.0% | Multiple | In-hospital mortality | 18.0% | Age, sex, comorbidities, invasive ventilation, medications | 8 |
| Sisinni et al. (59) | Feb to Apr 2020 | Italy | M | Inpatients | 984 | 72 [62–81] | 69.0% | Multiple | 30 d mortality or respiratory support upgrade | 72.0% | Age, male gender, hypertension, glucocorticoid therapy | 8 |
| Soldevila et al. (60) | Mar to Jun 2020 | Spain | M | Inpatients | 1,306 | 86.7 ± 7.3 | 28.7% | Multiple | 30 d mortality | 24.4% | Age, gender, comorbidities, Barthel score, frailty score, medications | 8 |
| Terlecki et al. (61) | Mar to Oct 2020 | Poland | S | Inpatients | 1,729 | 63 [50–75] | 51.2% | Multiple | In-hospital mortality | 12.9% | Age, gender, comorbidities, medications | 8 |
| Tremblay et al. (62) | Mar to Apr 2020 | United States | M | Inpatients | 1,064 | E: 61.2 ± 10.9 C: 63.0 ± 12.2 |
54.9% 57.5% |
– | In-hospital mortality | 15.0% | Age, sex, race, Charlson comorbidity index and obesity | 8 |
| Zhao et al. (63) | Feb 2020 to Mar 2021 | United States | M | Severely ill inpatients |
2,070 | 65 ± 16 | 58.8% | Aspirin | In-hospital mortality | 29.0% | Age, sex, smoking, BMI, comorbidity, laboratory indices, vital signs, medications | 8 |
*
Two or more antiplatelet drugs were together defined as exposure, with aspirin plus P2Y12 inhibitors being most common among studies. The ages of the study populations were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation or median [interquartile range].
BMI, body mass index; E, exposure group; C, control group; –, Data not reported or not calculable; NOS, Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.