Table 1.
Mechanism of kaempferol anti-diabetes.
| Experimental Object | Kaempferol Dosage | Modes of Antidiabetic Action | Related Signaling Pathways or Targetes | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3T3-L1 cells ; zebrafish |
3T3-L1 cells: 7.5/15/30μM zebrafish : 5/10/20μM |
(a) fatty acid synthesis↓; (b) triglyceride synthase↓; |
PPARγ, C/EBP-α And ap2↓ LPAATθ, lipin1 DGAT1↓ FASN and SREBP-1C↓ |
29 |
| 3T3-L1 cells ; | 5μM, 40μM; | (a) Lipid Accumulation↓; (b) Fatty Acid Oxidation↑; |
PPARγ, LXR-a, SREBP-1c and C / EBPA↓ | 30 |
| Male Wistar rats | 75, 150 or 300 mg / kg | (a) fatty acid oxidation↑; | SREBPs ↓ iPPAR -α↑ |
31 |
| Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) | 1μM, 10μM and 25μM | (a) adipogenesis↓; (b) lipolysis↑; |
C/EBP-β And SREBP1c↓ ATGL↑ | 32 |
| C57BL / 6 mice | 200mg / kg | (a) blood glucose↓; (b) insulin resistance↓ ; (c) Regulating intestinal flora |
intestinal flora ↑ | 33 |
| SHEPG2 cells (liver) , THP-1 cells (marcophages, Caco2 cells (intestine) |
10μM,20μM | (a) hepatic triglyceride accumulation↓; | Akt and SREBP-1↓ Akt-MTORC1dependent autophagy pathway. |
34 |
| THP-1 cells. | 2.5μg / ml; 5 μg / ml; 10 μg / ml; |
(a) Macrophages lipid accumulation ↓ ; (b) Prevention of atherosclerosis; |
CD 36↓ ABCA1, ABCG1↑ |
35 |
|
In vitro: HeLa cells, 3T3-L1cells. In vivo: Rats. |
20μM; 10 mg/kg |
(a) Lipid autophagy↑; (b) lipid droplet degradation↑; (c) lysosomal Ca2 + efflux ↑; (d) TFEB translocation↑; |
ATG5-ATG12 ↑ TFEB ↑ TUFM ↑ |
36 |
| 3T3-L1 cells | 60μM | (a) lipolysis↑; (b) lipid accumulation↓; (c) fat differentiation ; |
CEBP- α↓ PNPLA2 and LIPE ↑ |
28 |
| Male TSOD mice and TSNO mice | 5mg / kg 15mg / kg |
(a) lipid synthesis↓; (b) fatty acid oxidation↑; (c) liver cholesterol transport↑; |
LXR, SREBP - 1C↓ PPAR α↑ ApoA1 ↑ |
37 |
| HepG2 cells | 5μM, 10μM, 20μM | (a) lipid accumulation ↓; (b) oxidative stress ↓; |
SREBP1, FASSCD-1↓ PPARγ , C/EBP-β↓ HO-1/Nrf2↓ |
38 |
| 3T3-L1 cells | 50μmol/L | (a) the early stage of adipogenesis↓; |
MCE↓ apoptosis↑ |
34 |
| MaleC57BL/ 6 J mice | 10mg/kg | (a) lipid metabolism↑ ; (b) glucose metabolism↑; |
PPARγ/LXRα/ABCA1↑ PPARγ/PI3K/AKT↑ |
39 |
|
In vivo: db/db mice, In vitro: MIN6 pancreas β Cells |
50μM, 100μM | (a) lipid metabolism↑ ; (b) glucose metabolism↑; (c) β-cell proliferation↑; |
SREBP-1↓ IRS/PI3K/AKT↑ IRS2/FOXO1↑ |
40 |
| ApoE - C57BL / 6J male mice | 150 mg / kg | (a) plasma glucose↓ (b) insulin sensitivity↑; (c) high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels↑; |
LXR-β↑ Akt , SREBP-1↓ |
41 |
| Male Wistar rats. | 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg | (a) blood glucose↓; (b) antioxidant↑; |
lipid peroxidation↓ | 42 |
| Male Wistar rats. | 100mg/kg | (a) membrane-bound ATPases↑; (b) antioxidant↑; |
– | 43, 44 |
| Yeast glucosidase | Kaempferol solution (6.82 * 10-6mol / L) | (a) Blood glucose↓; | α-glucosidase↓ | 45 |
| Male C57BL/6J mice | 50mg/kg | (a) hepatic gluconeogenesis↓; (b) glycogen synthesis↑; (c) Blood glucose↓; |
PC and G6P ↓ Akt and GCK↑ |
27, 46 |
| RIN-5F cells | 1μM, 10μM and 50μM | (a) lipotoxicity l↓; (b) pancreatic β-cells apoptosis↓; |
AMPK/mTOR↑ | 47 |
| IN-5F cells | 10μM | (a) Lipophagy↑; (b) ER stress↓; (c) β-cell mass and function↑; |
AMPK/mTOR↑ | 48 |
| HeLa cells | 1μM | (a) Anti diabetes and diabetic complications; | Ca2+ uniporter↑ | 49 |
| INS-1E β Cells, | 0.1μM, 1μM and 10uM |
(a) pancreatic β-cells apoptosis↓; (b) β-cells secrete insulin↑; |
PDX-1/cAMP/PKA/CREB↑ MCU↑ |
21, 50 |
| INS-1E β Cells, Human islet (CMRL-1066) cells |
0.01μM, 0.1μM, 1 μM and 10uM | (a) apoptosis↓; (b) pancreatic β-cells↑; |
caspase-3↓ Akt and Bcl-2 ↑ |
51 |
“↑” refers to upregulation, and "↓" refers to downregulation.