Table 2.
Clinical trials of compounds or drugs targeting mitochondria in cardiovascular diseases.
| Drug | Condition or disease | Targets | Title | Outcome measures | Results | Recruitment status | Clinical trial number |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pravastatin, carvedilol, perindopril | Heart failure | Mitochondrial metabolism | Evaluation of myocardial improvement in patients supported by ventricular assist device under optimal pharmacological therapy | Mitochondrial function | — | Completed | NCT00402376 |
| Cyclosporine A | Non shockable out of hospital cardiac arrest | Mitochondrial permeability transition pore | Cyclosporine A in cardiac arrest (CYRUS) | Sequential organ failure assessment score (SOFA) | In patients presenting with non-shockable cardiac rhythm after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, cyclosporine does not prevent early multiple organ failure | Completed | NCT01595958 |
| Nitrate rich beetroot juice | Heart failure with normal ejection fraction | Mitochondrial oxidative capacity | Effect of inorganic nitrates (beetroot juice) on arterial hemodynamic and exercise capacity | Change in peak exercise efficiency during maximal effort supine-bicycle exercise and peak oxygen consumption (VO2) during a maximal effort supine-bicycle exercise test | Inorganic nitrate increased exercise capacity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction by targeting peripheral abnormalities | Completed | NCT01919177 |
| Resveratrol | Type 1 diabetes | Mitochondrial metabolism and biogenesis | Type 1 diabetes, endothelin, and skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction: the role of Sirtuin-1 (T-St1M) | Skeletal muscle mitochondrial function | — | Recruiting | NCT04449198 |
| Mitoquinol mesylate (mitoQ) | Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) | Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation | Examining the effects of mitochondrial oxidative Stress in DCM (MitoDCM) | Change in myocardial PCr:ATP | — | Recruiting | NCT05410873 |
| Nicotinamide riboside | Heart failure | Mitochondrial metabolism | The effect of nicotinamide riboside on skeletal muscle function in heart failure subjects | Number of participants who had enhancement of mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle | — | Recruiting | NCT03565328 |
| Pioglitazone | Type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease | Mitochondrial function | Myocardial dysfunction in type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) | Myocardial glucose uptake | Pioglitazone improves whole-body and myocardial insulin sensitivity, left ventricular diastolic function, and systolic function in type 2 diabetes | Completed | NCT01588470 |
| Acipimox | Type 2 diabetes, dilated cardiomyopathy | Mitochondrial function | Cross-over study on effect of lipid lowering by acipimox on cardiac and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function (ACP) | Changes in mitochondrial function | A reduced basal ADP-stimulated and maximal mitochondrial respiratory capacity underlies the reduction in in vivo mitochondrial function, independent of mitochondrial content in diabetic patients. | Completed | NCT00943059 |
| Trimetazidine | Coronary artery disease | Mitochondrial respiration | Prospective observational study of trimetazidine influence on mitochondrial metabolism in human heart ventricle | Change in rate of myocardial oxygen consumption expressed in pmolO2/min/units of citrate synthase activity | — | Completed | NCT02152527 |
| Rosuvastatin | Cardiovascular disease | Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation | Effect of rosuvastatin on endothelial function | Change in flow mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery | — | Recruiting | NCT00986999 |
| Empagliflozin | Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction | Mitochondrial morphology and biogenesis | SGLT2i and KNO3 in HFpEF - The SAK HFpEF Trial | Submaximal exercise endurance | — | Recruiting | NCT05138575 |
| 14 N sodium nitrite | Heart failure | Mitochondrial function | Oral nitrite for older heart failure patients (ONTx+HF) | Skeletal muscle bioenergetics - mitochondrial function | — | Completed | NCT02457260 |
| Coenzyme Q10 | Cardiovascular disease | Mitochondrial function | Effects of CoQ10 on inflammatory response in cardiac surgery | Inflammatory and endothelial blood work biomarkers | — | Recruiting | NCT04444349 |
| Sitagliptin | Cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes | Mitochondrial function | Impact of sitagliptin on cardiovascular exercise performance in type 2 diabetes | Peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak). | Three months of sitagliptin improved diastolic cardiac function, however, cardiorespiratory fitness did not change | Completed | NCT01951339 |