Table 4.

Risk factors associated with malaria infection in an area of pyrethroid-resistant vectors in Benin

Factors		Malaria positive % (n)	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
			OR* (95% CI)	P value	aOR† (95% CI)	P value
Household-level
People living in the household	< 3	29.2% (148)	1		1
	3–7	43.8% (1,382)	1.82 (1.47–2.24)	< 0.001	1.29 (1.01–1.65)	0.03
	> 7	51.6% (394)	2.36 (1.84–3.02)		1.47 (1.10–1.96)
Household socioeconomic status	High	36.7% (542)	1		1
	Average	46.8% (685)	1.32 (1.12–1.57)	0.002	1.40 (1.12–1.75)	< 0.001
	Low	46.8% (697)	1.33 (1.10–1.61)		1.41 (1.17–1.72)
Household net access	No	40.4% (989)	1
	Yes	47.2% (935)	1.23 (1.08–1.39)	0.002
Individual-level
Gender	Female	41.2% (928)	1
	Male	45.7% (996)	1.18 (1.05–1.34)	0.007
Ethnic group	Other	39.4% (408)	1
	Fon	44.7% (1,516)	1.17 (0.95–1.45)	0.13
Participant age	> 15 years	31.2% (765)	1		1
	10–15 years	67.9% (410)	5.15 (4.23–6.28)		4.96 (4.01–6.13)
	5–10 years	69.1% (440)	5.43 (4.47–6.61)	< 0.001	5.52 (4.48–6.81)	< 0.001
	≤ 5 years	42.1% (309)	1.66 (1.39–1.98)		1.68 (1.39–2.03)
Duration usage of LLIN	≤ 1 year	37.4% (116)	1
	2 years	43.7% (1,139)	1.41 (1.07–1.84)
	3 years	47.2% (408)	1.58 (1.17–2.13)	0.01
	> 3 years	37.0% (110)	1.15 (0.78–1.70)
Net usage the previous week	All nights	43.2% (1,552)	1		1
	Most of nights	43.3% (154)	1.18 (0.91–1.54)	0.04	1.01 (0.76–1.36)	0.02
	Few nights	51.5% (67)	1.60 (1.09–2.35)		1.83 (1.19–2.83)
Net conditions	Good	38.4% (289)	1		1
	Average	42.9% (732)	1.23 (0.99–1.53)	0.002	1.23 (0.97–1.55)	0.04
	Poor	46.1% (705)	1.48 (1.17–1.85)		1.37 (1.07–1.74)

aOR = adjusted odds ratio; LLIN = long-lasting insecticidal nets; OR = odds ratio.

^*Adjusted for within-cluster effect.

^†Adjusted for significant variables associated with malaria infection and within-cluster effect.