Effect of cAMP on rpoS transcription. Strains CH11 (wild type [WT]), NM7 (crr::kan), and NM25 (cya::kan), each carrying the rpoS-lacZ operon fusion (OF), were grown at 37°C in Luria broth either in the absence (−) or the presence (+) of 5 mM cAMP. At the mid-logarithmic phase, β-galactosidase activity expressed by the rpoS-lacZ operon fusion was measured. The data are means with standard deviations for four independent assays.