Table 1.

ncRNAs associated with anti-EGFR therapy resistance in CRC

NcRNAs	Upregulated/downregulated	Target	References
miRNAs
miR-100	Upregulated	DKK1, ZNRF3/Wnt/β-catenin pathway	[41]
miR-125b	Upregulated	ZNRF3, RNF43, DKK3, APC2/Wnt/β-catenin pathway p53 HER2	[41] [46] [47]
miR-7	Downregulated	YY1 TYRO3, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway EGFR RAF-1 IGF1R	[49] [50] [51, 52] [51] [52]
miR-143	Downregulated	Sos1, AKT, ERK KRAS, RREB1 MAPK pathway c-MYC ADCC	[58] [60] [60] [61] [62]
miR-145	Downregulated	RHBDD1, EGFR/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway KRAS, RREB1 MAPK pathway c-MYC ADCC	[59] [60] [60] [61] [62]
miR-302a	Downregulated	CD44	[65]
miR-378	Downregulated	RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway ERK pathway BRAF, RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway	[66, 67] [66, 67] [68]
miR-193a-3p	Downregulated	KRAS, RAS/RAF pathway MAPK pathway Mcl1	[69] [70] [70]
miR-141-3p	Downregulated	EGFR, RAS/RAF1/ERK pathway EGFR, AKT pathway	[71] [71]
Let-7	Downregulated	KRAS, MYC, IGF1, HMGA2	[72]
miR-375	Downregulated	CTGF/EGFR/PIK3CA/AKT pathway EGFR/KRAS/BRAF/ERK pathway PHLPP1	[76] [76] [42]
miR-181d	Downregulated	PEAK1 KLK6	[81] [80]
	Upregulated	FBXL3, CRY2 KRAS	[82] [85]
miR-545	Downregulated	EGFR CDK4 MYO6	[86] [87] [88]
	Upregulated	RIG-I, PI3K/AKT pathway	[90]
Other miRNAs that may be involved in anti-EGFR resistance
miR-181a	Upregulated	PTEN WIF-1	[94] [93]
miR-31-3p	Upregulated	E2F2, c-MYC pathway RAS/MAPK pathway	[61, 96] [61]
miR-31-5p	Upregulated	BRAF Wnt/β-catenin pathway	[97] [98]
miR-425-5p	Upregulated	BRAF/RAS/MAPK pathway PI3K/AKT pathway p53 CTNND1, Wnt/β-catenin pathway	[98] [98] [98] [99]
miR-21	Upregulated	15-PGDH, EGFR pathway PTEN, PI3K/AKT pathway Wnt/β-catenin pathway c-MYC	[100, 101] [102–104] [105] [105]
miR-133b	Downregulated	EGFR	[106]
miR-320d	Downregulated	PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway TUSC3	[111] [111]
miR-192	Downregulated	TRIP13, EGFR/AKT pathway TRIP13, Wnt/β-catenin pathway APC, c-Fos	[113] [113] [114]
miR-802	Downregulated	EGFR, ERK pathway EGFR, AKT pathway	[116] [116]
miR-497	Downregulated	IRS1, PI3K/AKT pathway IRS1, MAPK pathway IGF1R, PI3K/AKT pathway PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway	[117] [117] [118] [119]
miR-4689	Downregulated	KRAS, RAF/MEK/MAPK pathway KRAS, RAF/MEK/ERK pathway PI3K/AKT1 pathway	[120] [120] [120]
miR-130a-3p	Downregulated	WNT1	[121]
miR-708-5p	Downregulated	CD44, EGFR pathway CTNNB1, Wnt/β-catenin pathway PI3K/AKT pathway	[122] [123] [124]
miR-520a-3p	Downregulated	EGFR	[125]
miR-342-3p	Downregulated	EGFR, BCL2	[127]
miR-215-5p	Downregulated	EREG, HOXB9	[128]
miR-99a	Downregulated	mTOR	[130]
miR-200a	Downregulated	EphA2/EGFR/MAPK pathway	[131]
miR-26b	Downregulated	EphA2/EGFR/MAPK pathway	[131]
miR-875-5p	Downregulated	EGFR	[134]
lncRNAs
MIR100HG	Upregulated	Wnt/β-catenin pathway	[41, 44]
UCA1	Upregulated	HGF/c-MET pathway	[32]
CRART16	Upregulated	ERBB3, ERBB3/MAPK pathway	[33]
LINC00973	Upregulated	/	[152]
SLCO4A1-AS1	Upregulated	EGFR/MAPK pathway Wnt/β-catenin pathway c-MYC pathway	[153] [154] [155]
TTN-AS1	Upregulated	PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway	[119]
POU5F1P4	Downregulated	PI3K/AKT pathway	[157]
Other lncRNAs that may be involved in anti-EGFR resistance
HOTAIR	Upregulated	EGFR FUT6, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway	[86] [158]
ZEB1-AS1	Upregulated	β-catenin, Wnt/β-catenin pathway	[160]
		TCF4, MYC, MMP-7, cyclin D1	[160]
CRNDE	Upregulated	β-catenin, TCF4, Wnt/β-catenin pathway	[161]
DNAJC3-AS1	Upregulated	EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway	[162]
LINC00265	Upregulated	Wnt/β-catenin pathway EGFR	[163] [163]
LOXL1-AS1	Upregulated	CD44, EGFR pathway	[122]
MINCR	Upregulated	CTNNB1, Wnt/β-catenin pathway	[123]
SCARNA2	Upregulated	EGFR, BCL-2	[127]
circRNAs
circHIPK3	Upregulated	EGFR, MEK/ERK pathway IGF1R, PI3K/AKT pathway YY1, β-catenin pathway	[184] [184] [184, 186]
CDR1as	Upregulated	EGFR, IGF1R	[52]
circRNA_0000392	Upregulated	PIK3R3, AKT/mTOR pathway	[188]