Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants with OA according to serum 25(OH)D concentrations
| Serum 25(OH)D concentrations (nmol/L) | P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | < 25.00 | 25.00–49.99 | 50.00–74.99 | ≥ 75.00 | ||
| N(%) | 2556 (100.00) | 100 (3.91) | 589 (23.04) | 955 (37.36) | 912 (35.68) | |
| Age (years) | 63.01 ± 13.79 | 60.12 ± 14.26 | 61.84 ± 14.06 | 62.59 ± 13.91 | 64.52 ± 13.30 | <0.01 |
| Gender | <0.01 | |||||
| Male (%) | 917 (35.88) | 25 (25.00) | 207 (35.14) | 394 (41.26) | 291 (31.91) | |
| Female (%) | 1639 (64.12) | 75 (75.00) | 382 (64.86) | 561 (58.74) | 621 (68.09) | |
| Race/ethnicity | <0.01 | |||||
| Mexican American (%) | 238 (9.31) | 17 (17.00) | 85 (14.43) | 88 (9.21) | 48 (5.26) | |
| Other Hispanic (%) | 157 (6.14) | 5 (5.00) | 44 (7.47) | 70 (7.33) | 38 (4.17) | |
| Non-Hispanic White (%) | 1667 (65.22) | 29 (29.00) | 285 (48.39) | 631 (66.07) | 722 (79.17) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black (%) | 376 (14.71) | 44 (44.00) | 143 (24.28) | 116 (12.15) | 73 (8.00) | |
| Other race—including multi-racial (%) | 118 (4.62) | 5 (5.00) | 32 (5.43) | 50 (5.24) | 31 (3.40) | |
| Education (%) | <0.01 | |||||
| Less than high school | 613 (23.99) | 35 (35.00) | 180 (30.56) | 219 (22.93) | 179 (19.63) | |
| High school or equivalent | 620 (24.27) | 24 (24.00) | 131 (22.24) | 226 (23.66) | 239 (26.21) | |
| College or above | 1322 (51.74) | 41 (41.00) | 278 (47.20) | 510 (53.40) | 493 (54.06) | |
| Not recorded | 1 (0.04) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.11) | |
| Smoking status (%) | <0.01 | |||||
| Every day | 375 (14.67) | 23 (23.00) | 110 (18.68) | 133 (13.93) | 109 (11.95) | |
| Some day | 53 (2.07) | 3 (3.00) | 16 (2.72) | 18 (1.88) | 16 (1.75) | |
| Not at all | 903 (35.33) | 26 (26.00) | 187 (31.75) | 358 (37.49) | 332 (36.40) | |
| Not recorded | 1225 (47.93) | 48 (48.00) | 276 (46.86) | 446 (46.70) | 455 (49.89) | |
| Alcoholic ≥ 4 drinks/day (%) | 0.03 | |||||
| Yes | 303 (11.85) | 13 (13.00) | 75 (12.73) | 131 (13.72) | 84 (9.21) | |
| No | 1488 (58.22) | 52 (52.00) | 327 (55.52) | 547 (57.28) | 562 (61.62) | |
| Not recorded | 765 (29.93) | 35 (35.00) | 187 (31.75) | 277 (29.01) | 266 (29.17) | |
| Family poverty income ratio | 2.71 ± 1.62 | 2.29 ± 1.53 | 2.39 ± 1.56 | 2.77 ± 1.62 | 2.89 ± 1.63 | <0.01 |
| Weight (kg) | 83.90 ± 22.82 | 97.08 ± 31.80 | 88.04 ± 24.17 | 84.76 ± 22.53 | 78.98 ± 19.74 | <0.01 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.74 ± 7.60 | 36.55 ± 10.99 | 32.49 ± 7.97 | 30.62 ± 7.18 | 29.13 ± 6.78 | <0.01 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 103.57 ± 15.97 | 113.69 ± 20.71 | 107.40 ± 15.77 | 103.54 ± 15.56 | 100.24 ± 15.05 | <0.01 |
| Duration of OA (%) | 0.20 | |||||
| Less than 5 years | 745 (29.15) | 26 (26.00) | 163 (27.67) | 300 (31.41) | 256 (28.07) | |
| 5–10 years | 486 (19.01) | 22 (22.00) | 107 (18.17) | 192 (20.10) | 165 (18.09) | |
| 10-20 years | 712 (27.86) | 22 (22.00) | 162 (27.50) | 266 (27.85) | 262 (28.73) | |
| More than 20 years | 597 (23.36) | 29 (29.00) | 151 (25.64) | 193 (20.21) | 224 (24.56) | |
| No Recorded | 16 (0.63) | 1 (1.00) | 6 (1.02) | 4 (0.42) | 5 (0.55) | |
| Hypertension (%) | 1462 (57.20) | 67 (67.00) | 346 (58.74) | 518 (54.24) | 531 (58.22) | <0.01 |
| Diabetes (%) | 455 (17.80) | 30 (30.00) | 144 (24.45) | 162 (16.96) | 119 (13.05) | <0.01 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%)