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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 21.
Published in final edited form as: Mov Disord. 2016 Oct;31(10):1444–1454. doi: 10.1002/mds.26728

FIG. 1.

FIG. 1.

Proposed action of physical activity and exercise on the basal ganglia at the cellular level.

Abbreviations: BDNF, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; GDNF, Glial-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; IGF, Insulin-like Growth Factor