Supplementary Table 3.

The data of the included studies in semen parameters

Study	Treat			Control
	Size	Mean	s.d.	Size	Mean	s.d.
Sperm concentration (millions ml−1)
Gaskins et al.32 2012	47	51.20	68.63	47	44.30	58.92
Cutillas-Tolín et al.17 2015	52	44.20	46.51	53	35.70	36.46
Karayiannis et al.33 2017	66	37.90	26.43	76	30.50	27.14
Salas-Huetos et al.35 2019	27	25.63	15.26	30	30.13	34.72
Ricci et al.34 2019	35	37.67	36.15	31	34.30	44.56
Danielewicz et al.31 2019	70	41.13	51.09	62	24.10	24.21
Total sperm count (millions)
Cutillas-Tolín et al.17 2015	52	138.00	134.7	53	91.90	84.71
Karayiannis et al.33 2017	66	82.10	70.75	76	63.80	72.67
Salas-Huetos et al.35 2019	27	74.50	45.00	30	82.30	84.61
Ricci et al.34 2019	35	85.77	75.62	31	81.43	107.29
Danielewicz et al.31 2019	70	154.27	188.78	62	90.53	102.02
Normal sperm morphology (%)
Gaskins et al.32 2012	47	7.80	6.30	47	8.70	6.30
Cutillas-Tolín et al.17 2015	52	8.17	5.57	53	9.25	6.15
Karayiannis et al.33 2017	66	4.60	2.44	76	4.30	2.63
Salas-Huetos et al.35 2019	27	6.43	2.35	30	6.27	2.80
Danielewicz et al.31 2019	70	8.33	6.81	62	6.33	3.79
Total sperm motility (%)
Cutillas-Tolín et al.17 2015	52	56.10	11.31	53	56.20	10.70
Karayiannis et al.33 2017	66	42.60	20.33	76	32.10	20.57
Salas-Huetos et al.35 2019	27	73.37	13.70	30	55.23	26.15
Danielewicz et al.31 2019	70	53.90	20.59	62	50.90	17.30
Progressive sperm motility (%)
Gaskins et al.32 2012	47	63.70	20.26	47	57.10	19.58
Karayiannis et al.33 2017	66	26.00	16.26	76	20.00	16.63
Salas-Huetos et al.35 2019	27	52.60	14.87	30	40.17	20.50
Danielewicz et al.31 2019	70	33.80	17.49	62	30.80	14.88
Semen volume (ml)
Cutillas-Tolín et al.17 2015	52	2.97	1.99	53	2.50	1.61
Karayiannis et al.33 2017	66	2.10	0.81	76	2.00	1.31
Salas-Huetos et al.35 2019	27	3.27	1.80	30	3.07	2.02
Ricci et al.34 2019	35	2.73	1.88	31	2.77	1.58
Danielewicz et al.31 2019	70	3.77	1.89	62	4.17	1.59

s.d.: standard deviation