TABLE 19.

Candidate norovirus vaccines in development

Vaccine type	Phase	No. of candidates	Vaccine developer(s)
Bivalent GI.1/GII.4 virus-like particles (TAK-214)	Clinical phase 2b	1	Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
Nonreplicating recombinant adenovirus vectors (VXA-G1.1-NN, VXA-G2.4-NS)	Clinical phase 1b	2	Vaxart, Inc.; University of Maryland
Virus-like particles and protruding domain (P) particles	Preclinical	8	Arizona State University; University of North Carolina; Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; UMN Pharma, Inc.; Nanotherapeutics; Kunming University of Science and Technology; Tampere University
Recombinant viral vectors (adenovirus)	Preclinical	2	Chinese Center for Disease Control; Ohio State University