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. 2022 Sep 21;12:15749. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-19414-y

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© The Author(s) 2022, corrected publication 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) Confirmed COVID-19 cases (orange) reported in Ukraine between March 2020 and February 2022 by The Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine. (Four broad timeframes were assigned to indicate: “Pre-Wave” (March to 31 Aug 2020) marked together with “Wave 1" (01 Sep 2020–31 Jan 2021), “Wave 2” (01 Feb 2021–09 Jun 2021), “Wave 3" (10 Jun 2021 to 31 Dec 2021) and “Wave 4” (01 Jan 2022–22 Feb 2022). National quarantine measures, and implementation and easing of travel restrictions, are indicated along the colored bar on the top. The colors indicate national quarantine level at the time, with red representing complete national quarantine, orange representing adaptive quarantine with varied levels of restrictions in different regions, and green representing no or few restrictions. Detection of the first Alpha, Delta and Omicron variants in sequenced samples obtained from GISAID are indicated with red arrows. The red dashed line represents the beginning of the full scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, from which point no official statistics have been available. The graph was plotted in R Studio using the package ggplot2. (B) The distribution of COVID-19 cases by administrative regions in Ukraine. Regions not fully controlled by the Ukrainian government are marked with a striped pattern. Regions with > 40 sequences are highlighted in red.