Table 4.
Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitors on safety events among patients with diabetic kidney disease
| Outcome | No studies | No events | Sample size | RR (95% CI) | I2, % | PHeterogeneity | PEgger test |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male genital mycotic infections | 2 | 98 | 4091 | 3.89 (1.42–10.62) | 62.1 | 0.072 | 0.392 |
| Female genital mycotic infections | 2 | 53 | 2100 | 2.50 (1.32–4.72) | 0.0 | 0.384 | NA |
| Diabetic ketoacidosis | 2 | 56 | 14,974 | 3.54 (0.82–15.39) | 54.3 | 0.139 | NA |
| Volume depletion | 4 | 1016* | 18,832 | 1.29 (1.13–1.48) | 0.0 | 0.713 | 0.936 |
| Amputations | 4 | 248* | 18,832 | 1.21 (0.85–1.72) | 25.4 | 0.244 | 0.767 |
| Bone fractures | 4 | 475* | 18,832 | 1.00 (0.84–1.20) | 0.0 | 0.953 | 0.447 |
| Urinary tract infections | 4 | 1739* | 18,832 | 1.04 (0.95–1.14) | 0.0 | 0.781 | 0.339 |
| Acute kidney injury | 3 | 197* | 8255 | 0.85 (0.66–1.11) | 0.0 | 0.975 | 0.535 |
| Hyperkalemia | 3 | 359* | 8255 | 0.82 (0.67–1.01) | 0.0 | 0.692 | 0.601 |
Bold values indicate statistically significant estimates
*The number of events from the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial were not reported and therefore not included in the table for the following outcomes: volume depletion, amputations, fractures, urinary tract infection, acute kidney injury, and hyperkalemia. CI indicates confidence interval, EMPA‐REG OUTCOME Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 diabetes Mellitus Patients; I2, I-squared, RR relative risk, SGLT2 sodium-glucose cotransporter 2