Figure 1.

HSI of (a) 12F4⁺-Aβ₄₂ and (b) pS396-Tau deposits on postmortem retinal cross-sections of AD patients. The Braak stages for patients are both V. AD patient in (a) is a female aged 90 with an Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathologic Change (ADNC) score of A2, B3, and C3 (A: Aβ plaque score, B: NFT stage, C: Neuritic plaque score). AD patient in (b) is a female aged 85 with an ADNC score of A3, B3, and C3. From left to right, unstained hyperspectral intensity images, spectra at arrow-pointed locations (green for Aβ₄₂, red for pS396-Tau, and black for control), and DAB labeled images. The hyperspectral intensity images were normalized at each wavelength with respect to the value at its peak emission. The purple arrow is indicating an NFT-like or cellular structure (b, right) in the OPL. (c) A tile image of a large portion of retinal cross-section strip from a confirmed AD patient immunolabeled for pS396-Tau and DAB substrate. Scale bar of (a) and (b), 50 µm.