Table 5.
DASS-42 and WHOQOL-BREF scores at baseline and posttreatment (n=23).
| Measure | Baseline score, mean (SD) | Postassessment score, mean (SD) | P value | Cohen d | ||
| DASS-42a subscales |
|
|
|
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||
|
|
Stress | 24.74 (6.33) | 14.70 (11.41) | <.001 | 0.93 | |
|
|
Anxiety | 17.95 (8.35) | 11.50 (8.34) | .01 | 0.62 | |
|
|
Depression | 17.10 (10.74) | 10.25 (11.39) | .02 | 0.58 | |
| WHOQOL-BREFb domains |
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
Physical health | 42.30 (8.28) | 63.55 (13.95) | <.001 | 1.25 | |
|
|
Psychological health | 43.85 (17.74) | 56.35 (20.14) | .003 | 0.78 | |
|
|
Social relationship | 49.40 (17.99) | 54.35 (19.64) | .45 | 0.19 | |
|
|
Environmental health | 54.55 (13.32) | 50.60 (15.14) | .13 | 0.41 | |
|
|
Overall quality of life | 2.70 (1.08) | 3.25 (1.07) | .01 | 0.62 | |
|
|
Overall health | 2.70 (1.03) | 3.40 (0.94) | .03 | 0.54 | |
aDASS-42: 42-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales; scores range from 0 to 42 for each subscale, where a higher score indicates increased severity.
bWHOQOL-BREF: brief version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument. Scores range from 1 to 5 for each item in each domain; the total score for each domain was then transformed linearly to a scale ranging from 0 to 100, where a higher score indicates increased quality of life.