Table 4.
Logistic regression comparing influenza positive outpatient and inpatient cases.
| Level of care | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outpatient (%) | Inpatient (%) | OR (95% CI) | P | aOR (95% CI)* | P | |
| Age group | ||||||
| <6 m | 13 (43.3) | 17 (56.7) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 6–11 m | 13 (39.4) | 20 (60.6) | 1.18 (0.43–3.21) | 0.75 | 1.44 (0.47–4.40) | 0.52 |
| 1–2 y | 64 (47.8) | 70 (52.2) | 0.84 (0.38–1.86) | 0.66 | 0.84 (0.34–2.07) | 0.71 |
| 3–5 y | 31 (63.3) | 18 (36.7) | 0.44 (0.18–1.12) | 0.09 | 0.33 (0.11–0.98) | 0.05 |
| 6–17 y | 35 (57.4) | 26 (42.6) | 0.57 (0.24–1.37) | 0.21 | 0.62 (0.23–1.66) | 0.35 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 90 (51.7) | 84 (48.3) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Female | 66 (49.6) | 67 (50.4) | 1.09 (0.69–1.71) | 0.72 | 1.11 (0.66–1.86) | 0.70 |
| Born prematurely | ||||||
| Term | 145 (53.3) | 127 (46.7) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Premature | 11 (31.4) | 24(68.6) | 2.49 (1.17–5.29) | 0.02 | 2.00 (0.82–4.91) | 0.13 |
| Downs syndrome | ||||||
| No | 156 (51.0) | 150 (49.0) | ||||
| Yes | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100.0) | – | – | – | – |
| Congenital heart disease | ||||||
| No | 151 (53.2) | 133 (46.8) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 5 (21.7) | 18 (78.3) | 4.09 (1.48–11.31) | 0.01 | 3.80 (1.20–12.02) | 0.02 |
| Pulmonary disease6 | ||||||
| No | 155 (51.3) | 147 (48.7) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 1 (20.0) | 4 (80.0) | 4.22 (0.47–38.17) | 0.20 | 1.70 (0.14–20.28) | 0.67 |
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | ||||||
| No | 156 (51.7) | 146 (48.3) | ||||
| Yes | 0 (14.3) | 5 (100.0) | – | – | – | – |
| Immunosuppression/deficiency | ||||||
| No | 152 (50.5) | 149 (49.5) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 4 (66.7) | 2 (33.3) | 0.51 (0.09–2.83) | 0.44 | 0.13 (0.01–2.04) | 0.15 |
| Cancer | ||||||
| No | 154 (50.5) | 151 (49.5) | ||||
| Yes | 2 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | – | – | – |
| Asthma | ||||||
| No | 133 (51.4) | 126 (48.7) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 23 (47.9) | 25 (52.1) | 1.15 (0.62–2.13) | 0.66 | 1.37 (0.65–2.89) | 0.41 |
| Nevromuscular disease | ||||||
| No | 152 (52.2) | 139 (47.8) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 4 (25.0) | 12 (75.0) | 3.28 (1.03–10.41) | 0.04 | 3.80 (0.94–15.39) | 0.06 |
| Epilepsy | ||||||
| No | 156 (51.5) | 144 (48.5) | ||||
| Yes | 0 (0.0) | 4 (100.0) | – | – | – | – |
| Any underlying disorder † | ||||||
| No | 129 (53.1) | 114 (46.9) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 27 (42.2) | 37 (57.8) | 1.55 (0.89–2.70) | 0.12 | 1.66 (0.85–3.24) | 0.14 |
| Valid influenza vaccine | ||||||
| No | 152 (50.3) | 150 (49.7) | Ref. | |||
| Yes | 4 (80.0) | 1 (20.0) | 0.25 (0.03–2.29) | 0.22 | – | – |
* Results are adjusted by including age group, hospital, study season and month of hospital contact as independent variables. † Diagnosed with any of Trisomy 21, congenital heart disease, pulmonary disease, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, immunosuppression, cancer, asthma, epilepsy.