| Neuropsychological testsa | Initial test scores | Current levelb |
|---|---|---|
| General cognitive screening | ||
| Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (30 points) | 30 | Within normal limits based on clinical impression |
| Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire | 45% | Moderately impairedc |
| Attention | ||
| Digit span (forward; backward) | 6; 5 | Average |
| Trail Making Test Part A (seconds) | Scaled score = 1,d T score =12d | Severely impairedc |
| Trail Making Test Part B (seconds) | Scaled score = 4,d T score = 22d | Severely impairedc |
| Language | ||
| Boston Naming Test (60 items) | 58, z score = 0.4d | Average |
| Semantic fluency | 18, z score = 0.0d | Average |
| Lexical fluency (average) | 48, z score = 0.5d | Average |
| Visuospatial | ||
| Target Cancellation (omissions 30 left/30 right, 60 items) | 180 seconds, 8/16 | Severely impairedc |
| CERAD (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease) Neuropsychological Battery Constructions (11 points) | 9, z score = −0.33d | Average |
| Judgment of Line Orientation (30 items) | 23, 40th percentile | Average |
| Memory | ||
| Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised | ||
| Logical Memory Immediate (50 items) | 28, 80th percentile | High average |
| Logical Memory Delay (50 items) | 21, 68th percentile | Average |
| Visual Reproduction Immediate (41 items) | 19, 7th percentile | Mildly impairedc |
| Visual Reproduction Delay (41 items) | 20, 27th percentile | Average |
| CERAD Word List | ||
| Trials 1-3 (30 words) | 23, z score = 0.5d | Average |
| Delayed Recall (10 words) | 7, z score = 0.0d | Average |
| Recognition (10 words) | 10, z score = 0.4d | Average |
| Executive functions | ||
| Visual Verbal Test (20 sorts, to shifts) | 18, 8 | Average |
| Mood/behavior | ||
| Geriatric Depression Scale (30 items) | 8 | Within normal limits based on clinical impression |
| Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (12 items) | 4 | Mildly impairedc |
a
Most standardized tests are described in Lezak and colleagues.7 Numbers in parentheses refer to units of measurement and/or total possible score on the test.
b
Ranking of scores is based on age and/or education-matched normative data (as available) and clinical impression.
c
Indicates impairment. Levels of impairment: mildly impaired, z = −1.93 to −1.4; moderately impaired, z = −2.5 to −2.0; severely impaired, z = −2.53 or lower.
d
Scaled score: mean = 10, standard deviation = 3; T score: mean = 50, standard deviation = 10; z score: mean = 0, standard deviation = 1.