Supplementary Table 1.
Comparison of Demographic Parameters, IBD Types, Comorbid Diseases, and IBD Medications Between Patients in the Paxlovid and Control Cohorts Before and After Propensity-Score Matching
| Demographics | Before propensity-score matching |
After propensity-score matching |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paxlovid cohort (n = 532) | Control cohort (n = 29,589) | P value | Paxlovid cohort (n = 531) | Control cohort (n = 531) | P value | |
| Age, y, mean ± SD | 55.2 ± 16.2 | 50.3 ± 19.5 | <.0001 | 55.2 ± 16.2 | 56.2 ± 17.1 | .34 |
| BMI, means ± SD | 30.5 ± 6.5 | 29.1 ± 7.2 | .01 | 30.5 ± 6.5 | 29.6 ± 6.8 | .95 |
| Female gender | 331 (62%) | 17811 (60%) | .32 | 330 (62%) | 339 (63%) | .56 |
| Hispanic or Latino | 11 (2%) | 1391 (4.7%) | .004 | 11 (2%) | 14 (2.6%) | .54 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 477 (89%) | 23825 (80%) | <.0001 | 476 (89%) | 467 (87%) | .38 |
| African American | 28 (5.2%) | 3437 (11%) | <.0001 | 28 (5.2%) | 33 (6.2%) | .50 |
| COVID vaccine | ||||||
| BNT162b2 (Pfizer) | 80 (15%) | 1074 (3.6%) | <.0001 | 79 (14%) | 71 (13%) | .48 |
| Messenger RNA-1273 (Moderna) | 16 (3%) | 226 (0.7%) | <.0001 | 16 (3%) | 20 (3.7%) | .49 |
| Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson) | 10 (1.8%) | 18 (0.06%) | <.0001 | 10 (1.8%) | 10 (1.8%) | 1 |
| IBD type and subtype | ||||||
| UCa | 319 (59%) | 13873 (46%) | <.0001 | 318 (59%) | 331 (62%) | .41 |
| Ulcerative proctitis | 52 (9.7%) | 2134 (7.2%) | .02 | 51 (9.6%) | 50 (9.4%) | .91 |
| Ulcerative rectosigmoiditis | 47 (8.8%) | 1491 (5%) | <.0001 | 46 (8.6%) | 45 (8.4%) | .91 |
| Left-sided colitis | 24 (4.5%) | 1381 (4.6%) | .86 | 24 (4.5%) | 21 (3.9%) | .64 |
| UC pancolitis | 110 (20%) | 4458 (15%) | .0003 | 109 (21%) | 107 (20%) | .87 |
| CDa | 297 (55%) | 14318 (48%) | .0007 | 296 (55%) | 287 (54%) | .57 |
| CD of small intestine | 132 (24%) | 5648 (19%) | .0009 | 132 (24%) | 126 (23%) | .66 |
| Intestinal obstruction/stricture | 25 (4.6%) | 855 (2.8%) | .01 | 25 (4.7%) | 21 (3.9%) | .54 |
| Fistula | 19 (3.5%) | 441 (1.4%) | .0001 | 19 (3.5%) | 25 (4.7%) | .35 |
| Abscess | 10 (1.8%) | 186 (0.6%) | .0004 | 10 (1.8%) | 10 (1.8%) | 1 |
| CD of large intestine | 164 (30%) | 5752 (19%) | <.0001 | 163 (30%) | 158 (29%) | .73 |
| Intestinal obstruction/stricture | 13 (2.4%) | 367 (1.2%) | .01 | 13 (2.4%) | 10 (1.8%) | .52 |
| Fistula | 22 (4.1%) | 665 (2.2%) | .003 | 22 (4.1%) | 21 (3.9%) | .87 |
| Abscess | 11 (2%) | 312 (1%) | .02 | 11 (2%) | 14 (2.6%) | .54 |
| CD of small and large intestine | 130 (24%) | 4404 (14%) | <.0001 | 130 (24%) | 118 (22%) | .38 |
| Fistula | 25 (4.6%) | 726 (2.4%) | .001 | 25 (4.7%) | 19 (359%) | .35 |
| Abscess | 11 (2%) | 279 (0.9%) | .008 | 11 (2%) | 12 (2.2%) | .83 |
| Small intestine resection | 10 (1.8%) | 342 (1.1%) | .12 | 10 (1.8%) | 10 (1.8%) | 1 |
| Total colectomy | 10 (1.8%) | 86 (0.2%) | <.0001 | 10 (1.8%) | 10 (1.8%) | 1 |
| Comorbid diseases | ||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 113 (21%) | 7833 (26%) | .006 | 113 (21%) | 116 (21%) | .82 |
| Nicotine dependence | 92 (17%) | 6151 (20%) | .04 | 91 (17%) | 81 (15%) | .40 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 91 (17%) | 6560 (22%) | .005 | 91 (17%) | 90 (16%) | .93 |
| Chronic lower respiratory disease | 230 (43%) | 12122 (40%) | .28 | 230 (43%) | 221 (41%) | .57 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 81 (15%) | 6841 (23%) | <.0001 | 81 (15%) | 81 (15%) | 1 |
| Heart failure | 42 (7.8%) | 3990 (13%) | .0002 | 42 (7.9%) | 47 (8.8%) | .57 |
| Medications | ||||||
| Prednisoneb | 97 (18%) | 5411 (18%) | .97 | 97 (18%) | 88 (16%) | .46 |
| Budesonideb | 35 (6.5%) | 2268 (7.6%) | .35 | 35 (6.5%) | 31 (5.8%) | .61 |
| Methylprednisoloneb | 79 (14%) | 3591 (12%) | .05 | 78 (14%) | 69 (12%) | .42 |
| Infliximab | 78 (14%) | 3396 (11%) | .02 | 78 (14%) | 68 (12%) | .37 |
| Adalimumab | 92 (17%) | 3736 (11%) | .001 | 91 (17%) | 80 (15%) | .35 |
| Golimumab | 10 (1.8%) | 175 (0.5%) | .0002 | 10 (1.8%) | 10 (1.8%) | 1 |
| Certolizumab | 10 (1.8%) | 405 (1.3%) | .31 | 10 (1.8%) | 10 (1.8%) | 1 |
| Vedolizumab | 42 (7.8%) | 1522 (5%) | .004 | 41 (7.7%) | 36 (6.7%) | .55 |
| Ustekinumab | 50 (9.3%) | 1375 (4.6%) | <.0001 | 50 (9.4%) | 46 (8.6%) | .66 |
| Tofacitinib | 10 (1.8%) | 329 (1.1%) | .09 | 10 (1.8%) | 10 (1.8%) | 1 |
| Azathioprine | 62 (11%) | 3132 (10%) | .42 | 62 (11%) | 42 (7.9%) | .03 |
| Methotrexate | 41 (7.7%) | 2120 (7.1%) | .62 | 41 (7.7%) | 44 (8.2%) | .73 |
| Mercaptopurine | 32 (6%) | 1437 (4.8%) | .21 | 31 (5.8%) | 32 (6%) | .89 |
NOTE. One-to-one (1:1) propensity-score matching was performed for age, gender, race, ethnicity, obesity, diabetes mellitus, tobacco abuse, chronic lower respiratory disease, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, steroids, IBD medications, and COVID-19 vaccine. After propensity-score matching, the risk of each outcome was expressed as an adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI. Baseline demographic characteristics, laboratory parameters, and medication use within 3 months of initiation of COVID-19 antiviral therapies were described using means, SDs, and proportions. Two-sided P values less than .05 were considered statistically significant. To maintain patient confidentiality, when numbers of events are greater than 1 but fewer than 10, TriNetX rounds up events to 10.
BMI, body mass index; CD, Crohn’s disease; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; N/A, not applicable; UC, ulcerative colitis.
Total UC and CD is not 100% owing to possible overlap of International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, Clinical Modification codes in patients
Medications prescribed within 6 months before prescription of Paxlovid.