Table 1.
Characteristics of the hypertensive population stratified by sex (Data are expressed as the means ± SDs for normally distributed variables or as the median [interquartile range] for non-normally distributed variables, or counts (percentages) for categorical variables)
| Characteristics | Total (n = 1426) | Men (n = 718) | Women (n = 708) | P-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 56.15 ± 9.64 | 54.37 ± 9.88 | 57.96 ± 9.05 | < 0.001 |
| Marital status, n (%) | ||||
| Married | 1347 (94.5) | 695 (96.8) | 652 (92.1) | < 0.001 |
| Unmarried | 79 (5.5) | 23 (3.2) | 56 (7.9) | |
| Education level, n (%) | ||||
| Primary school or below | 270 (18.9) | 61 (8.5) | 209 (29.5) | < 0.001 |
| High school | 800 (56.1) | 415 (57.8) | 385 (54.4) | |
| College or above | 356 (25.0) | 242 (33.7) | 114 (16.1) | |
| Current smoker, n (%) | ||||
| No | 1223 (85.8) | 519 (72.3) | 704 (99.4) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 203 (14.2) | 199 (27.7) | 4 (0.6) | |
| Current drinker, n (%) | ||||
| No | 1009 (70.8) | 382 (53.2) | 627 (88.6) | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 417 (29.2) | 336 (46.8) | 81 (11.4) | |
| Physical activity, n (%) | ||||
| No | 515 (36.1) | 254 (35.4) | 261 (36.9) | 0.596 |
| Yes | 911 (63.9) | 464 (64.6) | 447 (63.1) | |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | ||||
| No | 1131 (79.3) | 578 (80.5) | 553 (78.1) | 0.293 |
| Yes | 295 (20.7) | 140 (19.5) | 155 (21.9) | |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 743 (52.1) | 334 (46.5) | 409 (57.8) | |
| Yes | 683 (47.9) | 384 (53.5) | 299 (42.2) | |
| Family history of ASCVD, n (%) | ||||
| No | 1126 (79.0) | 577 (80.4) | 549 (77.5) | 0.215 |
| Yes | 300 (21.0) | 141 (19.6) | 159 (22.5) | |
| Treatment of hypertension, n (%) | ||||
| No | 379 (26.6) | 188 (26.2) | 191 (27.0) | 0.780 |
| Yes | 1047 (73.4) | 530 (73.8) | 517 (73.0) | |
| Control of hypertension, n (%) | 0.092 | |||
| No | 562 (39.4) | 299 (41.6) | 263 (37.1) | |
| Yes | 864 (60.6) | 419 (58.4) | 445 (62.9) | |
| ID, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 1323 (92.8) | 706 (98.3) | 617 (87.1) | |
| Yes | 103 (7.2) | 12 (1.7) | 91 (12.9) | |
| Anaemia, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 1232 (86.4) | 647 (90.1) | 585 (82.6) | |
| Yes | 194 (13.6) | 71 (9.9) | 123 (17.4) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.31 ± 3.26 | 25.88 ± 3.13 | 24.74 ± 3.28 | < 0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 87.84 ± 9.40 | 91.12 ± 8.96 | 84.52 ± 8.65 | < 0.001 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 1.30 [0.70, 2.40] | 1.30 [0.70, 2.40] | 1.35 [0.70, 2.50] | 0.681 |
| SF (ng/mL) | 163.00 [92.37, 254.85] | 215.12 [145.53, 324.59] | 110.58 [59.09, 180.37] | < 0.001 |
| Hb (g/L) | 136.98 ± 13.86 | 145.18 ± 11.85 | 128.67 ± 10.36 | < 0.001 |
| ASCVD risk score (%) | 5.30 [3.20, 7.80] | 5.70 [3.50, 8.20] | 4.90 [3.08, 7.50] | < 0.001 |
ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; BMI, body mass index; Hb, haemoglobin; hs-CRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; ID, iron deficiency; SF, serum ferritin; WC, waist circumference
aP-value was derived from Student’s t-test and Mann–Whitney U tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables