| Hypophosphatemia, by increasing active FGF-23 concentrations, is an adverse effect of intravenous iron formulations, especially ferric carboxymaltose (FCM). Repeated use of FCM may result in severe osteomalacia. |
| Hypersensitivity reactions are mainly derived from Complement Activation-Related Pseudo-Allergy (CARPA) and may be prevented by a slower infusion rate. The risk of severe hypersensitivity reactions is comparable for all intravenous iron formulations. |
| A practical guideline has been developed, based on serum phosphate concentrations and predisposing risk factors, for the safe use of intravenous iron formulations. |
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