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. 2022 Sep 21;13:5440. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33068-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Binding of spike-derived epitopes to HLA-A*24:02 by HLA stabilization assay. b, c Detection of HLA-A*24:02-restricted antigen-specific T cells in PBMCs by HLA tetramers. b Representative FACS plots showing tetramer⁺ CD8⁺ T cells of an HLA-A24-negative vaccinated donor, GV17, and an HLA-A24-positive donor, GV16, before (upper) and after vaccination (lower). See also Supplementary Fig. 1a (Gating strategy). c The median of the percentage of RF9/A24, NF9/A24, and QI9/A24 tetramer⁺CD8⁺ T cells. The median percentages of T cells in vaccinated HLA-A*24:02-positive donors (n = 30). The median percentages of T cells in vaccinated HLA-A*24:02-negative donors (n = 5; GV4, GV12, GV17, GV25, and GV27) and non-vaccinated/seronegative HLA-A*24:02-positive donors (n = 5; GV16, GV32, GV33, GV34, and GV36) are shown as negative controls. d, e Detection of HLA-A*24:02-restricted antigen-specific T-cell lines in vitro. d Representative FACS plots showing surface expression of CD25 and CD137 on the CD8⁺ T-cell subset of a vaccinated donor, GV60. See also Supplementary Fig. 1b (Gating strategy). e The median of the percentage of CD25⁺CD137⁺ cells after stimulation with the NF9 peptide (median 3.5%) and QI9 peptide (median 4.5%) and HIV irrelevant peptide (0.5%) among CD8⁺ T cells in vaccinated HLA-A*24:02-positive donors (n = 10). See also Supplementary Table 1 (donor information). b, d the numbers in the FACS plot represent the percentage of gated cells among CD8⁺ T cells. In c, the median of % tetramer⁺ population in HLA-A24 negative donors was <0.05%. HLA-A24⁺ donors showing a >0.1% tetramer⁺ response were considered to be responders (>0.1%, the median plus 4× SD values of the negative controls). e Data are expressed as median and a statistically significant difference between the indicated peptides (**p = 0.0020) is determined by two-tailed Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test. ns, no statistical significance (p = 0.92). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.