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. 2022 Sep 21;13:5538. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33162-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — The plots and statistical testing are based on the region of highest CpG density (chr20:29807471-29822071, width = 14,601 bp), which represents the primary signal of the entire block (chr20:29790471-29824182, width = 33,712 bp). a Plot of methylation levels in the main block region. The dots in the scatter plot are individual DNA methylation level estimates for a CpG site and their size reflects the level of coverage from the sequencing. Percent DNA methylation is presented on the y axis and the x axis is the genomic coordinate of each CpG, where the ticks show the location of the methylation loci. The bottom right track contains CpG annotations and gene mappings for the block. b Correlation heatmap of the relationship between longitudinal cffDNA methylation levels in the block and maternal blood immune markers and metabolites measured during the same trimester that showed a significant correlation (p < 0.05) within at least one time point. Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) are reported above their p-values, which are in parentheses. The obesity group refers to maternal obesity with no intervention. The heatmap colors are representative of the correlation between the methylation values and the trait of interest. c Correlation heatmap of the relationship between infant brain region DNA methylation levels in the block and infant hippocampal lipids and metabolites measured from the same brain region that showed a significant correlation (p < 0.05) within at least one brain region. d Average smoothed methylation levels for cffDNA and brain. The center line of the boxplot represents the median and the bounds represent the interquartile range (IQR), which is between the 25th percentile (Q1) and 75th percentile (Q3). The whiskers of the boxplot extend to the maxima (Q3 + 1.5 × IQR) and minima (Q1−1.5 × IQR). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.