Table 2.
Cardiac structure and function
| Measurements | Young (n = 77) | Group 1: old and CV risk <2 (n = 90) | Group 2: old and CV risk ≥2 (n = 76) | Total (n = 243) | p value young versus group 1 | p value young versus group 2 | p value group 1 versus group 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LVGLS | –21 (2.7) | –21 (3.1) | –21 (2.8) | –21 (2.9) | 0.80 | 0.41 | 0.58 |
| LVGCS | –23 (3.6) | –22 (4.0) | –22 (3.4) | –22 (3.7) | 0.31 | 0.59 | 0.60 |
| LVGRS | 100 (24.0) | 100 (32.4) | 105 (21.7) | 102 (26.9) | 0.90 | 0.13 | 0.23 |
| RVGLS | –30 (4.7) | –32 (5.9) | –32 (5.3) | –31 (5.4) | 0.087 | 0.028 | 0.67 |
| Left atrium εs (%) | 33 (7.9) | 31 (7.9) | 29 (5.4) | 31 (7.3) | 0.067 | 0.0003 | 0.10 |
| Left atrium εe (%) | 16 (5.9) | 13 (4.0) | 12 (3.7) | 14 (5.0) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.025 |
| Left atrium εa (%) | 16 (4.6) | 17 (5.2) | 17 (4.0) | 17 (4.7) | 0.66 | 0.65 | 0.99 |
| Left atrium SRs (1/s) | 1.7 (0.5) | 1.6 (0.5) | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.6 (0.5) | 0.30 | 0.011 | 0.13 |
| Left atrium SRe (1/s) | –1.8 (0.7) | –1.3 (0.5) | –1.1 (0.4) | –1.4 (0.6) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.027 |
| Left atrium SRa (1/s) | –2.2 (0.7) | –2.2 (0.7) | –2.2 (0.6) | –2.2 (0.7) | 0.94 | 0.81 | 0.87 |
| SRe/SRa ratio | 0.9 (0.4) | 0.7 (0.6) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.4) | 0.027 | <0.0001 | 0.067 |
| Left atrium volume (minimum), mL | 30 (10.3) | 32 (18.8) | 31 (11.2) | 31 (14.3) | 0.50 | 0.79 | 0.63 |
| Left atrium volume (maximum), mL | 65 (14.2) | 63 (22.3) | 62 (17.1) | 63 (18.5) | 0.63 | 0.27 | 0.66 |
| LA ejection fraction (%) | 54 (9.3) | 52 (10.3) | 51 (8.3) | 52 (9.4) | 0.19 | 0.051 | 0.059 |
LVGLS, left ventricle global longitudinal strain; LVGCS, left ventricle circumferential strain; LVGRS, left ventricle radial strain; RVGLS, right ventricle global longitudinal strain; εs, reservoir strain; εa, booster strain; SRs, reservoir strain rate; SRa, booster strain rate.