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. 2022 Sep 8;13:986303. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.986303

Table 1.

Demographics, comorbidities and serum test results across groups.

Subjects, n Control T2DM NPDR PDR P-value Pa Pb Pc Pd Pe Pf
27 27 28 28
Age
Mean ± SD		 67.18 ± 7.77 65.75 ± 7.64 68.72 ± 9.31 63.59 ± 6.97 0.107 0.913 0.891 0.348 0.516 0.749 0.083
Gender, n (%)
Male		 13 (46.4%) 11 (39.3%) 20 (69.0%) 16 (55.2%) 0.132
BMI 23.86 ± 3.11 24.28 ± 3.65 24.88 ± 3.19 24.92 ± 2.92 0.563 0.963 0.646 0.614 0.903 0.883 1.000
Diabetes duration, y 0 10.54 ± 5.19 15.10 ± 7.95 23.83 ± 8.42 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.045 <0.001 <0.001
FPG (mm/L) 5.58 ± 0.71  7.40 ± 1.68 7.77 ± 2.09 8.69 ± 3.54 <0.001 0.021 0.003 <0.001 0.928 0.155 0.433
HbA1 (mm/L) 5.11 ± 0.59  6.99 ± 1.06 7.22 ± 1.04 7.46 ± 0.93 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.798 0.243 0.764
HDL-c (mm/L) 1.47 ± 0.36  1.28 ± 0.27 1.22 ± 0.26 1.20 ± 0.32 0.005 0.097 0.015 0.007 0.898 0.788 0.995
LDL-c (mm/L) 3.18 ± 0.86  3.00 ± 0.77 2.70 ± 1.17 2.79 ± 0.88 0.227 0.888 0.231 0.403 0.641 0.837 0.986
SCr (mm/L) 73.75 ± 17.50 70.1 ± 14.24 78.00 ± 19.70 95.14 ± 44.46 0.005 0.976 0.937 0.021 0.749 0.006 0.087
TG (mm/L) 1.55 ± 0.59  1.37 ± 0.58 1.83 ± 1.17 1.93 ± 1.49 0.172 0.916 0.743 0.532 0.347 0.192 0.986
BUN (mm/L) 5.04 ± 1.32  5.75 ± 1.46 6.08 ± 1.77 7.83 ± 3.11 <0.001 0.588 0.245 <0.001 0.932 0.002 0.010
HTN% 42.8% 42.9% 58.6.0% 65.5% 0.213
 Treatment
 OAD
 SII
 OAD + SII
—
—
—
14
5
8
10
6
12
6
7
15		 0.226

For age, diabetes duration, FPG, HbA1c, HDL-c, LDL-c, SCr, TG and BUN the mean and standard deviations are presented, and comparisons were made by Wilcoxon rank sum test. Gender, rates of comorbidities and treatment of diabetes were compared by X2 test. T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; NPDR, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy; BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, Hemoglobin A1c; HDL-c, High density lipoprotein- cholesterol; LDL-c, Low density lipoprotein- cholesterol; SCr, serum creatinine; TG, triglycerides; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; HTN, hypertension; OAD, oral antidiabetic drug; SII, subcutaneous insulin injection. Pa, P-value of control subjects versus T2DM samples. Pb, P-value of control subjects versus NPDR samples. Pc, P-value of control subjects versus PDR samples. Pd, P-value of T2DM samples versus NPDR samples. Pe, P-value of T2DM samples versus PDR samples. Pf, P-value of NPDR samples versus PDR samples.