Table 2.

Differentially altered metabolites identified between patients with CD and HCs.

Metabolite	Discovery set				Validation set
	P-value	FDR	VIP	FC	P-value	FDR	VIP	FC
Deoxycholic acid	<0.001	<0.001	4.257	6.733	<0.001	<0.001	3.043	6.836
Docosapentaenoic acid (22n-6)	<0.001	<0.001	1.474	1.264	<0.001	<0.001	1.624	1.428
Octadecanamide	<0.001	<0.001	3.698	2.967	<0.001	<0.001	1.695	4.549
Palmitic amide	<0.001	<0.001	4.171	4.202	<0.001	<0.001	2.184	5.678
Tetrahydrocorticosterone	<0.001	<0.001	1.746	0.669	<0.001	<0.001	1.370	0.631

Five metabolites which were verified in the validation cohort. VIP was obtained from OPLS-DA model with a threshold of 1.0. P-values from one-way ANOVA. Value of FDR was obtained from the adjusted P-value calculated using MetaboAnalyst 5.0 software. FC was obtained by comparing those metabolites in patients with CD with the healthy controls; FC with a value >1 indicated a relatively higher intensity presenting in patients with CD, whereas a value <1 indicated a relatively lower intensity compared with the healthy controls.