TABLE 1.
Sample characteristics by gender for the total survey sample.
| Male (N = 74) | Female (N = 316) | Total (N = 390) | P-value | ||||
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| N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
| Age group | 0.603 | ||||||
| <40 years | 13 | 17.81 | 53 | 17.15 | 66 | 17.28 | |
| 40–55 years | 43 | 58.90 | 199 | 64.40 | 242 | 63.35 | |
| >55 years | 17 | 23.29 | 57 | 18.45 | 74 | 19.37 | |
| Nationality | |||||||
| Immigrants | 1 | 1.35 | 5 | 1.58 | 6 | 1.54 | 0.884 |
| Spanish | 73 | 98.65 | 311 | 98.42 | 384 | 98.46 | |
| Marital status | |||||||
| Single | 29 | 39.19 | 92 | 29.11 | 121 | 31.03 | 0.037* |
| Married or couple | 41 | 55.41 | 167 | 52.85 | 208 | 53.33 | |
| Divorced/widow | 3 | 4.05 | 51 | 16.14 | 54 | 13.85 | |
| Educational level | |||||||
| Primary school | 6 | 8.11 | 12 | 3.80 | 18 | 4.62 | 0.159 |
| Secondary school | 24 | 32.43 | 87 | 27.53 | 111 | 28.46 | |
| Higher education | 44 | 59.46 | 217 | 68.67 | 261 | 66.92 | |
| Occupational status | |||||||
| Employed | 42 | 56.76 | 160 | 50.63 | 202 | 51.79 | 0.003* |
| Unemployed | 15 | 20.27 | 26 | 8.23 | 41 | 10.51 | |
| Inactive | 11 | 14.86 | 84 | 26.58 | 95 | 24.36 | |
| Monthly income | |||||||
| <1000 € | 4 | 5.41 | 25 | 7.91 | 29 | 7.44 | 0.253 |
| 1000 €-2000 € | 22 | 29.73 | 107 | 33.86 | 129 | 33.08 | |
| >2000 € | 43 | 58.11 | 146 | 46.20 | 189 | 48.46 | |
| Alcohol consumption in the past 12 months | |||||||
| No | 30 | 40.54 | 159 | 50.32 | 189 | 48.46 | 0.131 |
| Yes | 44 | 59.46 | 157 | 49.68 | 201 | 51.54 | |
| Smoking habit in the past 12 months | |||||||
| Smoker | 2 | 2.70 | 33 | 10.44 | 35 | 8.97 | 0.109 |
| Ex-smoker | 34 | 45.95 | 130 | 41.14 | 164 | 42.05 | |
| Non-smoker | 38 | 51.35 | 153 | 48.42 | 191 | 48.97 | |
| Number of chronic conditions | |||||||
| 0 | 28 | 37.84 | 83 | 26.27 | 111 | 28.46 | 0.025* |
| 1–2 | 26 | 35.14 | 95 | 30.06 | 121 | 31.03 | |
| ≥ 3 | 20 | 27.03 | 138 | 43.67 | 158 | 40.51 | |
| Number of post-COVID symptoms | |||||||
| <7 | 18 | 24.32 | 77 | 24.37 | 95 | 24.36 | 0.878 |
| 7–10 | 35 | 47.30 | 158 | 50.00 | 193 | 49.49 | |
| >10 | 21 | 28.38 | 81 | 25.63 | 102 | 26.15 | |
| Self-assessment of health status | |||||||
| Good | 17 | 22.97 | 89 | 28.16 | 106 | 27.18 | 0.662 |
| Poor | 35 | 47.30 | 138 | 43.67 | 173 | 44.36 | |
| Very poor | 22 | 29.73 | 89 | 28.16 | 111 | 28.46 | |
| Hospitalization in preceding 12 months | |||||||
| No | 47 | 63.51 | 236 | 74.68 | 283 | 72.56 | 0.053 |
| Yes | 27 | 36.49 | 80 | 25.32 | 107 | 27.44 | |
| Admission to intensive care in preceding 12 months | |||||||
| No | 64 | 86.49 | 312 | 98.73 | 376 | 96.41 | <0.001* |
| Yes | 10 | 13.51 | 4 | 1.27 | 14 | 3.59 | |
| Number of medications consumed other than BZD and Z-drugs in the past 30 day | |||||||
| None | 5 | 6.76 | 19 | 6.01 | 24 | 6.15 | 0.900 |
| 1–2 | 32 | 43.24 | 130 | 41.14 | 162 | 41.54 | |
| ≥3 | 37 | 50.00 | 167 | 52.85 | 204 | 52.31 | |
| BZD and Z-hypnotics use in the past 30 days | |||||||
| No | 46 | 62.16 | 169 | 53.48 | 215 | 55.13 | 0.177 |
| Yes | 28 | 37.84 | 147 | 46.52 | 175 | 44.87 | |
*p-value: Statistically association on comparing the distribution of variables between male and female. p < 0.05.