TABLE 2.
Prevalence of BZD and Z-hypnotics consumption in patients with long COVID-19 according to sociodemographic, health profile and use of healthcare resources variables.
| Male (N = 28) | Female (N = 147) | Total (N = 175) | P-value | ||||
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| N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
| Age group | |||||||
| <40 years | 9 | 69.23 | 20 | 37.74 | 29 | 43.94 | 0.048* |
| 40–55 years | 13 | 30.23 | 99 | 49.75 | 112 | 46.28 | 0.022* |
| >55 years | 6 | 35.29 | 26 | 45.61 | 32 | 43.24 | 0.453 |
| Nationality | |||||||
| Immigrants | 1 | 100.00 | 5 | 100.00 | 6 | 100.00 | NA |
| Spanish | 27 | 36.99 | 142 | 45.66 | 169 | 44.01 | 0.180 |
| Marital status | |||||||
| Single | 10 | 34.48 | 37 | 40.22 | 47 | 38.84 | 0.581 |
| Married or couple | 15 | 36.59 | 83 | 49.70 | 98 | 47.12 | 0.134 |
| Divorced/widow | 2 | 66.67 | 23 | 45.10 | 25 | 46.30 | 0.479 |
| Educational level | |||||||
| Primary school | 1 | 16.67 | 7 | 58.33 | 8 | 44.44 | 0.117 |
| Secondary school | 10 | 41.67 | 51 | 58.62 | 61 | 54.95 | 0.143 |
| Higher education | 17 | 38.64 | 89 | 41.01 | 106 | 40.61 | 0.770 |
| Occupational status | |||||||
| Employed | 12 | 28.57 | 71 | 44.38 | 83 | 41.09 | 0.067 |
| Unemployed | 7 | 46.67 | 13 | 50.00 | 20 | 48.78 | 0.837 |
| Inactive | 7 | 63.64 | 42 | 50.00 | 49 | 51.58 | 0.399 |
| Monthly income | |||||||
| <1000 € | 2 | 50.00 | 17 | 68.00 | 19 | 65.52 | 0.488 |
| 1000 €-2000 € | 10 | 45.45 | 48 | 44.86 | 58 | 44.96 | 0.959 |
| >2000 € | 15 | 34.88 | 66 | 45.21 | 81 | 42.86 | 0.231 |
| Alcohol consumption in the past 12 months | |||||||
| No | 15 | 50.00 | 76 | 47.80 | 91 | 48.15 | 0.825 |
| Yes | 13 | 29.55 | 71 | 45.22 | 84 | 41.79 | 0.065 |
| Smoking habit in the past 12 months | |||||||
| Smoker | 1 | 50.00 | 20 | 60.61 | 21 | 60.00 | 0.768 |
| Ex-smoker | 10 | 29.41 | 70 | 53.85 | 80 | 48.78 | 0.013* |
| Non-smoker | 17 | 44.74 | 57 | 37.25 | 74 | 38.74 | 0.398 |
| Number of chronic conditions | |||||||
| None | 11 | 39.29 | 36 | 43.37 | 47 | 42.34 | 0.705 |
| 1–2 | 9 | 34.62 | 35 | 36.84 | 44 | 36.36 | 0.834 |
| ≥3 | 8 | 40.00 | 76 | 55.07 | 84 | 53.16 | 0.211 |
| Number of post-COVID symptoms | |||||||
| <7 | 6 | 33.33 | 15 | 19.48 | 21 | 22.11 | 0.208 |
| 7–10 | 12 | 34.29 | 74 | 46.84 | 86 | 44.56 | 0.179 |
| >10 | 10 | 47.62 | 58 | 71.60 | 68 | 66.67 | 0.042* |
| Self-assessment of health status | |||||||
| Good | 5 | 29.41 | 33 | 37.08 | 38 | 35.85 | 0.547 |
| Poor | 12 | 34.29 | 62 | 44.93 | 74 | 42.77 | 0.258 |
| Very poor | 11 | 50.00 | 52 | 58.43 | 63 | 56.76 | 0.476 |
| Hospitalization in preceding 12 months | |||||||
| No | 16 | 34.04 | 106 | 44.92 | 122 | 43.11 | 0.172 |
| Yes | 12 | 44.44 | 41 | 51.25 | 53 | 49.53 | 0.541 |
| Admission to intensive care in preceding 12 months | |||||||
| No | 23 | 35.94 | 147 | 47.12 | 170 | 45.21 | 0.104 |
| Yes | 5 | 50.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 5 | 35.71 | NA |
| Number of medications consumed other than BZD and Z-Hypnotics in the past 30 days | |||||||
| None | 0 | 0.00 | 5 | 26.32 | 5 | 20.83 | NA |
| 1–2 | 10 | 31.25 | 52 | 40.00 | 62 | 38.27 | 0.363 |
| ≥3 | 18 | 48.65 | 90 | 53.89 | 108 | 52.94 | 0.564 |
*p-value: Statistically association on comparing the distribution of variables between male and female. p < 0.05.