TABLE 1.
Characteristics and comparisons of clinical variables between the overweight or obese and underweight or normal groups.
| Healthy individuals (n = 382) | Range | Overweight or obese group (n = 62) | Underweight or normal group (n = 320) | Statistical comparions | |
| Age (years) | 46.9 ± 14.3 | 18–75 | 48.1 ± 11.0 | 46.7 ± 14.8 | F = 0.49, p = 0.48, η2 = 0.002 |
| Men (%) | 142 (37.2) | 35 (56.5) | 107 (33.4) | χ2 = 11.78, p = 6.0.E-4, φ = −0.176 | |
| Education (years) | 14.8 ± 2.2 | 9–22 | 14.5 ± 2.0 | 14.8 ± 2.2 | F = 0.94, p = 0.33, η2 = 0.003 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.1 ± 3.2 | 14.4–36.8 | 27.6 ± 2.4 | 21.1 ± 2.0 | F = 509.77, p = 3.4.E-72, η2 = 0.573 |
| Obese (BMI ≥ 30) (%) | 6 (1.6) | 6 (9.7) | 0 (0.0) | χ2 = 31.46, p = 2.0.E-8, φ = 0.287 | |
| Overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30) (%) | 56 (14.7) | 56 (90.3) | 0 (0.0) | χ2 = 338.68, p = 1.2.E-75, φ = 0.942 | |
| Normal (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25) (%) | 290 (75.9) | 0 (0.0) | 290 (90.6) | χ2 = 233.30, p = 1.1.E-52, φ = −0.781 | |
| Underweight (BMI < 18.5) (%) | 30 (7.8) | 0 (0.0) | 30 (9.4) | χ2 = 6.31, p = 0.012, φ = −0.129 | |
| Japanese Adult Reading Test | 80.6 ± 11.4 | 46–99 | 76.6 ± 13.8 | 81.3 ± 10.7 | F = 9.07, p = 0.0028, η2 = 0.024 |
| Total intracranial volume (voxels) | 1474.1 ± 142.6 | 805.8–1969.4 | 1525.9 ± 139.3 | 1464.1 ± 141.3 | F = 10.00, p = 0.0017, η2 = 0.026 |
| Total gray matter volume (voxels) | 645.0 ± 69.8 | 174.3–896.7 | 658.5 ± 59.0 | 642.4 ± 71.5 | F = 1.08, p = 0.30, η2 = 0.001 |
| Total white matter volume (voxels) | 520.3 ± 58.9 | 314.7–750.1 | 549.2 ± 61.6 | 514.7 ± 56.8 | F = 10.68, p = 0.0012, η2 = 0.007 |
| Total cerebrospinal fluid volume (voxels) | 308.8 ± 56.9 | 194.0–506.4 | 318.2 ± 57.2 | 307.0 ± 56.7 | F = 3.06, p = 0.08, η2 = 0.004 |
BMI, body mass index. Values are mean ± standard deviation. Significant p-values are shown in bold cases.