TABLE 3.

Cox regression analysis of predictors of mortality

	Univariable analysis		Multivariable analysis
	Crude HR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	P value
Wound group (reference: DM)	—	—	—	—
PAD group	2.83 (1.94‐4.14)	<.001***	2.36 (1.57‐3.55)	<.001***
DM‐PAD group	2.27 (1.78‐2.88)	<.001***	2.46 (1.86‐3.26)	<.001***
Age (above 70 years old)	2.55 (2.05‐3.17)	<.001***	2.01 (1.60‐2.53)	<.001***
Race (reference: Chinese)	—	—	—	—
Malay	0.72 (0.56‐0.94)	.01	0.98 (0.75‐1.28)	.90
Indian	0.64 (0.47‐0.87)	<.01**	0.71 (0.52‐0.98)	.04*
Others	0.54 (0.38‐0.77)	<.001***	0.71 (0.49‐1.02)	.07
Ischaemic heart disease	2.18 (1.78‐2.67)	<.001***	1.38 (1.10‐1.74)	<.01*
Congestive heart failure	2.16 (1.74‐2.69)	<.001***	1.54 (1.22‐1.95)	<.001***
Renal function (reference: normal)	—	—	—	—
Chronic kidney disease	2.25 (1.73‐2.93)	<.001***	1.64 (1.23‐2.18)	<.001***
End stage renal failure	2.55 (1.93‐3.36)	<.001***	2.12 (1.56‐2.88)	<.001***
Dyslipidaemia	1.04 (0.82‐1.30)	.77	0.77 (0.60‐1.00)	.05*
Wound debridement	0.37 (0.27‐0.52)	<.001***	0.54 (0.38‐0.76)	<.001***
Minor amputation	0.52 (0.40‐0.68)	<.001***	0.59 (0.45‐0.79)	<.001***
Revascularization	0.95 (0.76‐1.17)	.61	0.57 (0.44‐0.73)	<.001***

Note: All variables that were included in the multivariable regressions are displayed in the table.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; DM, diabetes; HR, hazard ratio; PAD, peripheral artery disease.

^* P ≤ .05; **P ≤ .01; ***P ≤ .001.