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. 2022 Sep 8;13:997120. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.997120

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Copyright © 2022 Farooq, Rafay, Basit, Shakoor, Shabbir, Riaz, Ali, Kumar, Qureshi and Jaremko.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Pearson correlation analysis for (A) Typha angustifolia, (B) Tragus roxburghii, (C) Aeluropus lagopoides, and (D) Cenchrus ciliaris grass species among all the studied parameters across both heavy metals concentrations. LC, Leaf count; PRL, plant root length; PSL, plant shoot length; PFW, plant fresh weight; PDW, plant dry weight; Chl content, chlorophyll content; MSI, membrane sustainability index; CO₂d, CO₂ assimilation rate; RHd, relative humidity; A, net photosynthetic rate; E, transpiration rate; Gs, is stomatal conductance; and Ci, is leaf internal CO₂ concentration.