(A) Synthesis of DNAzyme-triggered Zn2+-responsive DNA hydrogel. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society. (B) Schematic of mRNA delivery by pH-responsive DNA nano-hydrogel, (a) Schematic of the “X”-shaped DNA scaffold, (b) Structural changes of the pH-responsive Itail and Icap, and (c) DNA nano-hydrogel-assisted mRNA delivery and its intracellular pH-responsive release. Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH. (C) Preparation of pH-responsive DNA hydrogel by RCA method; the I-motif structure was destroyed when pH changed from 5.0 to 8.0. Copyright 2017, Wiley-VCH. (D) Composite diagram of pH-responsive smart bilayer DNA hydrogel film actuators; the actuators deform reversibly when the pH changes. Copyright 2020, Wiley-VCH. (E) Schematic of pH-controlled self-assembly DNA hydrogel. (a) “Y”-shaped DNA scaffolds synthesize DNA when pH is 7, (b) DNA hydrogel dissociated under acidic conditions, and (c) Gel state and liquid state of DNA hydrogel. Copyright 2018, The Royal Society of Chemistry.