Table 6.

Relationship of smartphone overdependence and social withdrawal with quality of life.

Category	Quality of life
	B	S.E.		β	T	VIF
Gender	0.210	0.088		0.211	2.386*	1.097
Age	−0.006	0.028		−0.019	−0.0216	1.108
Smartphone overdependence	0.066	0.084		0.073	0.788	1.200
Social withdrawal	−0.249	0.067		−0.340	– 3.715***	1.1700
Constant			3.321
F			4.921***
R2			0.141

^*p < 0.05, ^***p < 0.001.

Dummy: gender (1 = male).