Table 2.

Current burden results, 2019 (in 2019 USD), by country income group

Country income group	Direct medical costs (billions)	Direct non-medical costs (billions)	Total direct costs (billions)	Absentee-ism costs (billions)	Presentee-ism costs (billions)	Premature mortality costs (billions)	Total indirect costs (billions)	Total costs (billions)	Total costs per capita	Total costs as per cent of GDP	Total costs (billions)*	Total costs as per cent of GDP*
Low	0.46	0.05	0.51	0.57	0.88	1.23	2.68	3.19	6.15	0.87%	6.28	1.71
Lower middle	9.03	0.24	9.27	4.81	13.06	53.96	71.84	81.10	27.94	1.26%	160.56	2.50
Upper middle	76.73	0.51	77.24	26.61	73.17	289.07	388.85	466.09	163.38	1.86%	776.65	3.10
High	507.52	0.19	507.72	91.68	186.05	542.91	820.64	1328.36	1109.90	2.46%	1545.52	2.86

*with GDP multipliers.

GDP, gross domestic product.