Table 4.

Economic impacts of OAO, baseline projections for 2020, 2030 and 2060 (in 2019 USD), by income group

	Direct medical costs (billions)	Direct non-medical costs (billions)	Total direct costs (billions)	Absenteeism costs (billions)	Presenteeism costs (billions)	Premature mortality costs (billions)	Total indirect costs (billions)	Total costs (billions)	Total costs per capita	Total costs as a per cent of GDP
Low-income	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
2020	0.50	0.05	0.55	0.61	0.93	1.31	2.85	3.41	6.38	0.92
2030	1.06	0.10	1.16	1.07	1.66	2.75	5.48	6.64	9.63	1.05
2060	7.51	0.41	7.92	4.23	6.99	20.34	31.56	39.48	32.05	1.38
Lower middle income	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
2020	9.63	0.25	9.88	5.06	13.77	58.10	76.93	86.81	29.50	1.41
2030	18.35	0.40	18.75	8.69	24.06	135.76	168.52	187.27	56.13	1.74
2060	99.90	1.08	100.99	35.00	99.45	1258.55	1392.99	1493.98	350.32	2.67
Upper-middle income	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
2020	81.56	0.53	82.09	27.81	76.88	311.91	416.60	498.69	173.67	2.01
2030	148.02	0.70	148.72	43.98	126.62	809.28	979.88	1128.61	376.40	2.77
2060	638.97	1.07	640.03	135.07	406.49	10 672.13	11 213.69	11 853.72	3936.29	3.20
High-income	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
2020	521.90	0.20	522.10	93.62	189.25	561.69	844.57	1366.66	1137.67	2.65
2030	677.20	0.22	677.42	115.16	230.72	879.46	1225.34	1902.76	1545.45	2.88
2060	1322.55	0.28	1322.83	218.51	419.50	3521.08	4159.09	5481.92	4404.59	3.80

GDP, gross domestic product; OAO, overweight and obesity.