Table 5.

Independent risk factors of poor functional status (ODI scores > 40) identified by logistic regression.

Variable	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	P
Sex	0.489 (0.231, 1.033)	0.061
Age	1.044 (0.995, 1.096)	0.076
BMI	0.923 (0.828, 1.029)	0.151
mFI-5	1.209 (0.843, 1.736)	0.303
Smoking	1.327 (0.358, 4.921)	0.673
Duration of symptom	0.997 (0.994, 1.001)	0.163
Number of stenotic levels	1.058 (0.775, 1.443)	0.724
Endurance test	0.985 (0.974, 0.996)	0.006

BMI, body mass index; mFI-5, modified 5-item frailty index