Table 7.
Comparison of clinical characteristics, quality of life and sagittal parameters for the three LSS groups according to PEMET classification.
| Grade I (<10s) | Grade II (10–60s) | Grade III (≥60s) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of participants | 41 | 93 | 37 | |
| Endurance test (s) | 0.88 ± 2.48 | 33.39 ± 13.35 | 91.57 ± 38.88 | <0.001 |
| Age (year) | 63.68 ± 8.58 | 62.57 ± 8.04 | 64.65 ± 7.8 | 0.396 |
| Sex (male/female) | 16/25 | 41/52 | 13/24 | 0.619 |
| BMI (kg/cm2) | 27 ± 3.5 | 25.3 ± 3.43 | 25.04 ± 3.16 | 0.194 |
| mFI-5 | 1 ± 0.87 | 1.16 ± 1.18 | 0.7 ± 0.97 | 0.09 |
| Smoking (yes) | 4 | 9 | 4 | 0.98 |
| Duration of symptom (mo) | 98.83 ± 91.55 | 87.8 ± 102.09 | 82.39 ± 109.72 | 0.758 |
| Number of stenotic levels | 2.31 ± 1.44 | 2.06 ± 0.97 | 2.03 ± 1.11 | 0.456 |
| VAS-back | 5.63 ± 2.05 | 4.6 ± 1.85 | 3.11 ± 2 | <0.001 |
| VAS-leg | 5.76 ± 1.67 | 4.81 ± 2.17 | 4.41 ± 2.37 | 0.013 |
| ODI | 57.22 ± 15.49 | 46.57 ± 14.07 | 40.81 ± 14.74 | <0.001 |
| ODI ≥40 (yes) | 36 (87.8%) | 55 (59.1%) | 17 (45.9%) | <0.001 |
| PT | 25.23 ± 10.51 | 22.27 ± 8.42 | 21.34 ± 9.77 | 0.15 |
| SS | 29.27 ± 11.42 | 30.92 ± 9.13 | 30.58 ± 10.05 | 0.682 |
| PI | 54.49 ± 13.56 | 53.19 ± 11.25 | 51.92 ± 14.01 | 0.68 |
| LL | 32.23 ± 16.31 | 40.69 ± 15.17 | 41.26 ± 14.27 | 0.01 |
| SVA | 51.69 ± 45.86 | 18.35 ± 37.67 | 17.55 ± 33.63 | <0.001 |
| SVA ≥50 mm (yes) | 21 (51.2%) | 22 (23.7%) | 6 (16.2%) | 0.001 |
LSS, lumbar spinal stenosis; BMI, body mass index; mFI-5, modified 5-item frailty index; VAS, visual analog scale; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; PT, pelvic tilt; SS, sacral slope; PI, pelvic incidence; LL, lumbar lordosis; SVA, sagittal vertical axis